[D.4] GOTHIC PERIOD (copy)

Opus Fragencium

French work

Opus Modernum

Modern architecture

Visigoths

The gothic period was named after this group of German people

Pier

A column like support for arches in the gothic church

Gothic Art

Highly decorated, characterized by sumptuous colorful materials. Architecture focused on churches and cathedrals

Bubonic Plague

An infection of the lymphatic system, usually resulting from the bite of an infected flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (the Oriental rat flea)

True

True or false: During the gothic period, there was a decline of feudalism and a growth of nations

Compound Column

A pier composed of a conjunction of colonettes, generally attached to a central shaft; a clustered column

Chevet

Last end of the church; comprising the chair, ambulatory and apse

Maddona Enthroned

Favorite theme in paintings because a motherly figure is more approachable

Our Lady Of

Notre Dam in English

Tempera Technique

Pigments are combined with eggs

Stained Glass

Colored glass made by mixing METALLIC OXIDES into molten translucent glass or fixing oxides onto surface of clear glass, cut into shapes and assembled together by strips of lead

Cathedral of Chartres

Church dedicated to Mary; first to use blue in stained glass

Cimabue

BENCIVENI DI PEPO; painter and mosaicist, LAST GREAT ITALIAN ARTIST IN THE BYZANTINE STYLE, which had dominated early medieval painting in Italy

Giotto

Student of Cimabue; most important ITALIAN PAINTER OF THE 14TH CENTURY; his works point to the innovations of the renaissance style. His contribution was his UNPARALLELED GRASP OF HUMAN EMOTION; among his paintings were ST. FARNCIS PREACHING TO THE BIRDS, LAMENTATION and the CAMPANILE NEAR FLORENCE CATHEDRAL

Giotto

Considered as the grandfather of renaissance art. Scientific perspective started from him. He also showed different poses of the human body in his art

Scholasticism

Method of teaching that dominated the schools of western europe. students were thought to argue from REASON, EXPERIENCE and AUTHORITY

Bosses

Ornamental projections covering the intersection of the ribs

Abbot Suger

Abbot of St. Denis cathedral who may have invented the gothic style who designed the facade, ambulatory and chapels of the royal abbey church of saint Denis. He redesigned the apse to include more light

Crockets

Projecting carved ORNAMENTS IN A BUD or LEAF SHAPE used on the SIDES OF THE PINNACLES AND SPIRES

Corbels

BRACKETS set into the wall to CARRY A BEAM

Rose Window

A circular window with tracery mullions radiating from a central point

Flying Buttresses

Exterior structure composed of THIN HALF-ARCHES or flyers. This supported the walls at the point where the thrust of an interior arch was greatest. It supported the weight of the church while allowing for stained glass windows to exist

Rose or Flowers

A symbol of Mary

Cathedral

Home church of an archbishop; usually the principal church in a diocese from the Greek word kathedra meaning seat or throne

Pointed Arch and Ribbed Vault

Signature design that gave a skeletal look

Pointed Arch

A tool for people to look up to God. Increases the height of the church

Colonnettes

Multiple columns grouped together to support the high ceilings

Tracery

Intricate ornamental STONE OPENWORK based on foliages such as TREFOIL, QUATREFOIL, CINQUEFOIL

Ribbed Groin Vaults

Vault that requires less buttressing. a compound vault in which barrel vaults intersect, forming arrises called groins

Lierne Vault

Any SMALL SUBORDINATE RIB which is inserted between the main ribs, more often as an ornamentation for construction reasons. Has 8 ribs on each side

Fan Vault

CONCAVE CONICAL VAULT whose ribs of equal length and curvature, RADIATE FROM THE SPRINGING

Gargoyles

Grotesquely carved figures. Were meant as water spouts. One of the only non-religious elements in the gothic church

Stone

Main material during this period

Spire

Tall tower roof, tapering upward to a point

Perpendicular or Rectilinear style

Perpendicular tracery, fine intricate stonework and elaborate fan like vaults

Early French Style

Characterized by pointed arch and geometric tracery

Flamboyant Style

Characterized by framelike tracery, intricacy of detailing and frequent complication of interior space. triangular and pointy

Arcade

Bottom section or ground floor; 3 great portals, recessed doorways under high, sculpture filled pointed arches

Decorated Style

Rich tracery, elaborate ornamental vaulting and refinement of stone cutting techniques

Triforium

Gothic church interior elevation; middle section; gallery or range of arches above the longitudinal arches; bonding nave; rose window and other lancet windows

Rayonnant style

Characterized by circular windows with radiating lines of tracery

Clerestory

Gothic church interior elevation; upper section; contains windows, towers and spires

Ground Floor Arcade

Gothic church interior elevation; ground level of a gothic church that features arcading separating the nave and the aisles

Towers and Spires

Gothic church facade elevation; at the top you will find

Rose Window

Gothic church facade elevation; at the middle you will find

The Portal or Main Entrance

Gothic church facade elevation; at the bottom you will find

Early English or Lancet Style

Lancet windows and tracery; very slender like the sword

Abbey Church of St. Denis by Suger

Architectural landmark as it was the first major structure of which a substantial part was designed and built in the gothic style

Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres

Known as France's model church; known for its unmatched towers

Amiens Cathedral

The tallest complete cathedral in France, with the greatest interior in volume, built in the rayonant style

Reims Cathedral

Built in the high gothic style; features more window space and the tympanum walls are filled with glass. know for its portals that have porches covering them. a place where the kings of France were once crowned

Salisbury Cathedral

Located in England. features a magnificent central tower and spire. Built in the decorated style where fan vaults were first used

Cologne Cathedral

Located in Germany. Floor space is the largest among all gothic churches. Very ambitious. completed in the industrial revolution with steel construction

King's College Chapel

Located in the University of Cambridge; one of the finest examples of late gothic English architecture (perpendicular); features a fan vaulting roof/ceiling

Doge's Palace

Residence of the chief magistrate of Venice; palace built in venetian gothic style; once a seat of the government of Venice. Horizontal with Islamic influence

Ca d' Oro

Literally the house of gold, is a place on the grand canal in Venice, northern Italy. Architects were Giovanni bon and son Bartolomeo bon. the work of these two sculptors and architects epitomizes the gothic style in Venice

Siena Cathedral

The only gothic styled cathedral with dome and horizontal orientation