ap psych famous people

Wilhelm Wundt

first pstchology lab (Leipzig, Germany 1879) - structuralism (the structure of the mind)

William James

American psychologist - textbook "Principles of Psychology" (1890). functionalism (how the mind fulfills its purpose or functions

Hermann Ebbinghaus

pioneering researcher of verbal memory - forgetting curve

G. Stanley Hall

first president of the American Psychological Association

Sigmund Freud (perspective)

psychoanalytic perspective

Pavlov, Watson, Skinner

Behavioral perspective

Maslow, Rogers

Humanistic perspective

Ellis, Beck

Coginitive perspective

Darwin

Evolutionary perspective, natural selection

Zimbardo, Asch, Milgram

social psychology

Roger Sperry

split brain research

Wilder Penfield

mapping motor and sensory areas of the cortex

Phineas Gage

injured in an accident when a metal rod went through his skull, led to the scientific study of functions of the brain

Ernst Webber

formula for difference threshold

Hermann von Helmholtz

trichromatic theory of color

Ewald Hering

opponent-process theory of color (afterimage)

Max Wertheimer

founder of Gestalt psychology (principles of grouping)

Ernest Hilgard

hypnosis involves social influence and a divided consciousness (hidden observer)

Sigmund Freud (consciousness)

Interpretation of Dreams and dream analysis

Ivan Pavlov

classical conditioning (dog and tuning fork)

Edward Thorndike

Law of Effect

B.F. Skinner

operant conditioning (rewards and punishment - reinforcement)

Albert Bandura (learning)

obersevational learning (modeling)

Martin Seligman

learned helplessness - depression

John Garcia

taste aversion (wolf/sheep)

Wolfgang Kohler

insight learning (chimps/bananas)

Edward Tolman

latent learning - learning that becomes apparent only when there is incentive to demonstrate it

Hernann Ebbinghaus (memory)

forgetting curve, memory research

Elizabeth Loftus

eyewitness recall

Noam Chomsky

inborn universal grammar

Benjamin Whorf

linguistic relativity

Alfred Binet

first intelligence test

David Wechsler

Wechsler Scales (WIAS) - most widely used intelligence tests

Howard Gardner

multiple intelligence

Charles Spearman

"g" factor or general intelligence

Abraham Maslow

hierarchy of needs

Konrad Lorenz

imprinting (goslings)

James-Lange

first physiological response then emotion

Cannon-Bard

physiological response and emotion occur at the same time

Schachter-Singer

two-factor theory of emotion

Jean Piaget

cognitive development

Erik Erikson

psychosocial stages of development

Lawrence Kohlberg

moral development

Harry Harlow

monkey experiments (nurturing over nourishment)

Mary Ainsworth

theory of attachment (strange situation)

Gibson-Walk

visual cliff

Elizabeth Kubler Ross

death and dying (grieving process)

Sigmund Freud (personality)

psychosexual stages of development, id, ego, superego, defense mechanisms

Carl Jung

Neo-Freudian - collective consciousness and archetypes

Karen Honey

Neo-Freudian

Alfred Adler

Neo-Freudian - inferiority complex

Albert Bandura (personality)

social-cognitive perspective

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

humanistic perspective (personality)

Gordon Allport

cardinal, central, and secondary

Raymond Cattell

16 personality factors

Hans Eyesneck

3 traits (introversion/extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism)

Sigmund Freud (therapy)

psychoanalysis, free association, transference, resistance

Carl Rogers (therapy)

client-centered therapy

B.F. Skinner (therapy)

behavior therapy

Albert Ellis

rational-emotive therapy (cognitive)

Aaron Beck

cognitive therapy

Fritz Pearls

Gestalt therapy

Hans Selye

general adaptation syndrome (stress reaction)

Stanley Milgram

obedience to authority (electric shock)

Solomon Asch

conformity (lines)

Philip Zimbardo

Stanford Prison Study

Fritz Heider

attribution theory