Forging a Nation: Economic Development and Political Division in Post-War America, 1815-1828

What event marked the beginning of a fervent nationalism in the United States?

The conclusion of the War of 1812.

What key weaknesses were revealed by the War of 1812?

Critical weaknesses in financial, industrial, and transportation systems.

What was the pragmatic consensus among leaders after the War of 1812?

The need for economic self-sufficiency.

What were the main components of the nationalist policies during this era?

A new national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements.

What was the outcome of the nationalist policies intended to unify the country?

They simultaneously sowed seeds of deep political and sectional division.

What did the 'Era of Good Feelings' signify?

A period of apparent political harmony under President James Monroe.

What critical infrastructure need was identified post-War of 1812?

A transportation system capable of connecting manufacturers with markets.

What critical transportation project began in 1811?

Construction of the National Road.

What was the primary purpose of the Tariff of 1816?

To protect emerging American industries from foreign competition.

What was the Second Bank of the United States established to do?

To stabilize the nation's currency.

What did the steamboat revolutionize?

River transport.

Which two major Supreme Court cases asserted federal power over state powers in economic matters?

McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden.

What was the Monroe Doctrine's main proclamation?

The American continents are no longer open to colonization by European powers.

What was the outcome of the Missouri Compromise?

Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and slavery was prohibited in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase territory north of the 36°30' parallel.

What did Thomas Jefferson call the controversy surrounding slavery and the Missouri Compromise?

A 'fire bell in the night'.

What economic crisis occurred in 1819?

The Panic of 1819.

How did the election of 1824 change the political landscape?

It signaled the end of the old political order and the rise of new candidates.

What accusations were made during the election of 1824?

That a 'corrupt bargain' had stolen the presidency from Andrew Jackson.

What was the primary aim of John Quincy Adams's presidency?

To implement a nationalist program including internal improvements and a national university.

How did Andrew Jackson's presidency alter American politics?

It marked the rise of a new two-party system, with a focus on populism.

What was the significance of the 'tariff of abominations'?

It antagonized southern interests by raising prices on imported goods.

What did the 'Era of Good Feelings' mask?

Underlying tensions and sectional rivalries that would emerge in subsequent years.

What characterized the economic expansion in the Old Northwest?

Settlement by small farmers creating an economy based on free labor and self-sufficiency.

What characterized the economic expansion in the Southwest?

Driven by the demand for cotton, leading to the establishment of a plantation economy.

What legal status was defined for Native American tribes by the Marshall Court?

Tribes have a basic right to their lands and are sovereign entities.

What political tension arose from the passage of the Tariff of 1828?

It caused southern resentment and was seen as a threat to their economic interests.

How did the Panic of 1819 affect the West?

It fueled resentment against the national bank among Western populations.

What was a key theme during the time post-War of 1812?

The tension between nationalism and sectionalism.

Who was the Secretary of State responsible for key diplomatic achievements during the 'Era of Good Feelings'?

John Quincy Adams.

What economic trend occurred between 1800 and 1820?

The national population nearly doubled.

What did the Adams-Onís Treaty achieve?

Spain ceded Florida to the United States.

What principle is associated with the doctrine of 'implied powers'?

Congress can exercise powers not explicitly outlined in the Constitution.

Which political party emerged as a champion of economic nationalism during Jackson's election?

The National Republicans.

What major infrastructure need arose from the War of 1812?

A need for a national system of roads and canals.

What is one outcome of the burgeoning nationalism in the U.S. economy post-War of 1812?

The establishment and growth of the Second Bank of the United States.

What were the central issues that led to the Missouri Compromise?

The balance of power between free and slave states.

What dual nature characterized American nationalism during 1812-1828?

It was both a unifying force and a source of division.

What two regions reflected distinct patterns of economic expansion during westward migration?

The Old Northwest and the Southwest.

What was the primary focus of Jackson's supporters in the 1828 election?

Championing the common man against the economic elite.

How did Jackson's victory in 1828 reshape the Republican Party?

It led to the party's fracture and the emergence of a new political landscape.