MCB2004 - Chapter 3 Concept Check

Which of the following makes bacteria and archaea different from eukaryotes?

They lack a nucleus

A cytoplasmic membrane, ribosomes, chromosome(s), and cytoplasm are found in ______ bacterial cells.

all

Many bacteria function as independent single-celled organisms, termed ________, organisms.

unicellular

Which of the following appendages provide motility?

flagella, axial filaments

which appendages provide attachment points or channels, rather than motility?

fimbriae, pili, nanotubes

The majority of bacterial cells have all of the following features EXCEPT _______.

nucleus

which term refers to the capacity of a cell to swim freely through an aqueous environment through self-propulsion?

motility

Which three structures are possessed by ALL bacteria?

ribosomes, cell membrane, chromosomes

The bacterial flagellum is composed of _______.

a basal body, hook, and filament

Bacteria function as _______ organisms.

unicellular

The bacterial flagellum moves by ______.

rotating 360 degrees

All of these appendages provide motility to bacteria except _______ and _______.

nanowires, fimbriae

In this image of a flagellum, the part into which the filament is inserted indicated by the letter X is a ______.

hook

Which appendage provides the ability to attach to surfaces and other cells?

fimbriae

To move toward a chemical attractant by flagellar motion is referred to as positive ________.

chemotaxis

The ability to move through self-propulsion is referred to as _______.

motility

Which appendages act as channels to transfer nutrients such as amino acids and electrons?

nanotubes

The basal body, hook, and filament are components of _______ in bacteria.

flagellum

Bacterial cells have a protective polysaccharide coating termed the _______ that is called either a capsule or slime layer based on its structure.

glycocalyx

Movement of the bacterial flagellum involved 360 rotation of two flagellar parts: ______ and ______.

filament; hook

The component of the flagellum which is inserted into the hook indicated by the letter Y is the ________.

filament

Which of the following are part of the cell envelope, including components found in some but not all bacteria?

Cell wall, outer membrane, cytoplasmic membrane

During _______, bacterial cells move by flagellar motion in response to chemical signals.

chemotaxis

The outermost layer of the cell envelope of a gram-positive cell is the _______.

peptidoglycan layer

Very thin, long, tubular extensions of the cytoplasmic membrane that bacteria use as channels to transfer amino acids or electrons are called _______.

nanotubes

Which cell structure provides shape, support, and resistance to osmotic pressure?

cell wall

What is the glycocalyx?

an extracellular coating that provides protection to the cell

The cell wall in bacteria is primarily composed of _______.

peptidoglycan

For bacteria to move, the flagellar ________ rotate(s) 360 degrees.

filament and hook

Cell breaking or rupturing is known as cell ______.

lysis

What are the two main components of the cell envelope in most bacteria?

cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall

Bacterial cells are protected from rupturing in hypotonic conditions by the rigidity of the _______ found in the cell wall.

peptidoglycan

Place the layers of the cell envelope of a gram-negative cell in order, with the outermost layer at the top of the list.

1. Outer Membrane

2. Cell Wall

3. Cytoplasmic Membrane

The technique that allows a microbiologist to differentiate bacteria based on their cell wall composition/structure is the ______ stain.

gram