CHAP 1 Human Body Structure and Function

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to human body structure and function, including anatomical terminology, body systems, and the principles of homeostasis.

Anatomy

The scientific study of the human body's structure; derived from Latin meaning 'cutting'.

Physiology

The study of how the human body functions; based on the Latin term for 'nature'.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Negative Feedback

A control system that reverses changes in regulated variables to maintain homeostasis.

Pathology

The study of diseases and any abnormal features affecting normal structure or function.

Intergumentary System

The outermost body system, composed of skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands, that protects against injury and infection.

Skeletal System

The system of 206 bones and joints providing the basic framework and structure of the body.

Muscle System

The system comprised of all muscles that produce movement and maintain posture.

Nervous System

The system including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, responsible for controlling and coordinating body functions.

Endocrine System

The system of glands that produce hormones regulating various body activities, such as growth and reproduction.

Cardiovascular System

The system that includes the heart and blood vessels, pumping blood to body tissues.

Lymphatic System

The system that assists in circulation and immunity, including lymphatic vessels and organs.

Respiratory System

The system responsible for gas exchange, including the lungs and associated passages.

Digestive System

The system that processes food for nutrient absorption and waste elimination.

Urinary System

The system that eliminates waste products and excess water from the body.

Reproductive System

The system involved in producing offspring, including external and internal sex organs.

Gradient

A difference in physical or chemical values between two areas, promoting flow from high to low.

Resistance

Factors that impede the flow down a gradient.

Dorsal Cavity

The body cavity containing the brain and spinal cord.

Ventral Cavity

The larger body cavity separated by the diaphragm, housing organs like the heart and lungs.

Frontal Plane

A vertical plane dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.

Sagittal Plane

A vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions.

Transverse Plane

A horizontal plane dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

Radiography

An imaging technique using X-rays to visualize internal structures, often for bones and tumors.

Computed Tomography (CAT scan)

An advanced imaging technique that produces cross-sectional images for soft structures.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A non-invasive imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of soft tissues.