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What is fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is the process of separating crude oil into its components based on boiling points.
What is crude oil?
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms.
Why does fractional distillation separate hydrocarbons effectively?
Hydrocarbons have different boiling points depending on their molecular size.
What is the main fraction obtained at the top of a fractional distillation column?
Refinery gases.
What fraction is obtained at the bottom of the fractional distillation column?
Bitumen.
Why are smaller hydrocarbons collected at the top of the column?
They have lower boiling points and condense at cooler temperatures.
What is the function of the fractionating column?
To separate components of crude oil based on their boiling points.
Name three fractions of crude oil and their uses.
Petrol (fuel), diesel (fuel), and bitumen (road surfacing).
Why is crude oil considered a finite resource?
It is non-renewable and takes millions of years to form.
How does the boiling point of hydrocarbons relate to chain length?
Longer chain hydrocarbons have higher boiling points.
Why is cracking used in the refining of crude oil?
To break down long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter, more useful ones.
What is the environmental impact of using crude oil products?
They contribute to air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and oil spills harm ecosystems.
How is the temperature gradient in a fractional distillation column maintained?
The bottom of the column is hotter, and the top is cooler.
What is kerosene used for?
As a fuel for jet engines and heating.
What is the role of refinery gases?
They are used as fuels for heating and cooking.
