The Maroon Bluebook Science Set 1 Practice Flashcards

Science review flashcards based on The Maroon Bluebook Set 1, covering chemistry, physics, earth science, and biology concepts.

In a constant temperature setup, what is the most effective method to significantly increase the rate of water evaporation?

Increasing the surface area of the liquid.

In the glycolysis reaction represented by the equation $C_6H_{12}O_6 + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + H_2O$, how many moles of $CO_2$ are produced for every 1 mole of glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) consumed?

6 moles of $CO_2$.

What is the molecular geometry of an atom Y that has 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

Trigonal pyramidal.

Based on the classification of matter in the Maroon Bluebook, how is sugar categorized?

A compound.

How many nitrogen atoms are present in $48\,g$ of ammonia ($NH_3$) given a molecular weight of $17\,g/mol$?

$1.70 \times 10^{24}$ nitrogen atoms.

In a chemical reaction $X + Y \rightarrow A + B$, if substance Y is a stronger acid than substance A, which direction is favored by the equilibrium?

The right side, producing more product (equilibrium favors the side with the weaker acid).

Calculate the mole fraction of Carbon in a compound composed of $41.92\%$ carbon, $3.58\%$ hydrogen, and $54.50\%$ oxygen by mass using the weights $C = 12\,g/mol$, $H = 1\,g/mol$, and $O = 10\,g/mol$.

$$0.33$$

What is the molarity of a solution containing $30\,g$ of salt in $450\,mL$ of solution, using atomic weights $Na = 23\,g/mol$ and $Cl = 35\,g/mol$?

$$1.15\,M$$

What is the molality of a solution where $42\,g$ of $KNO_3$ (molar mass $101\,g/mol$) is dissolved in $250\,ml$ of water?

$$1.66\,mol/kg$$

How is soap classified on the pH scale if it has a pH of 12?

Strongly basic.

Which layers of the Earth are separated by the Gutenberg Discontinuity?

The lower mantle and the outer core.

What is the name of the outermost layer of the atmosphere where satellites are positioned?

Exosphere.

Why does Saturn have a significantly lower density compared to Earth despite having a diameter ten times larger?

Saturn is a gaseous planet.

Arrange the following minerals from hardest to softest according to the Mohs Hardness Scale: Calcite, Gypsum, Quartz, Topaz.

Topaz, Quartz, Calcite, Gypsum.

What geological processes explain why no Earth rocks have been found that are older than 4 billion years, despite the planet being approximately 4.6 billion years old?

Extensive erosion and the recycling of materials due to plate tectonics.

What is the term for the completely dark inner part of a shadow cast during an eclipse?

Umbra.

What specific evidence is used by scientists to prove that the Earth's outer core is in a liquid state?

S waves cannot travel through it.

Calculate the potential energy of a $1200\,kg$ rocket at its maximum height if it was launched vertically with an initial velocity of $85\,m/s$.

$$4.34 \times 10^6\,\text{Joules}$$

A car travels $12\,km$ north and $10\,km$ west. What is the estimated magnitude of the car's displacement from its starting point?

$$16\,km$$

According to Kepler's laws of planetary motion, what is the relationship between a planet's orbital period (T) and its average distance from the Sun (r)?

The square of the orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of the average distance ($T^2 \propto r^3$).

Which organelle is responsible for containing digestive enzymes that remove wastes from the cell?

Lysosomes.

During which phase of meiosis does the process of crossing over occur?

Prophase I.

What process in the central dogma involves creating an RNA copy of a DNA sequence?

Transcription.

Contrast the visible appearance of a gibbous moon versus a crescent moon.

A gibbous moon shows more than half of the bright side, while a crescent moon shows less than half.

In terms of chemical composition, what is the difference between the sugar deoxyribose found in DNA and the sugar ribose?

Deoxyribose has one missing atom of oxygen compared to ribose.

If a man heterozygous for widow's peak ($Ww$) mates with a woman with a homozygous straight hairline ($ww$), what is the phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

$2:2$ ($50\%$ probability for widow's peak and $50\%$ probability for straight hairline).