Anxiety disorders (slide: 13-23)

• Norepinephrine

• Gamma-aminobutyric acid

• Serotonin

• Dopamine

• Four Mediators of Anxiety

• NoGaSeDo

Noradrenergic model

Moa: ↑↑NE → Hypersensitive and overactive ANS

Autonomic Nervous System

________ system of individual with anxiety disorder is hypersensitive or overactive (overeact ANS ng 1 tao to arious stimulant – stress, threat, danger, or other fearful situations)

LOCUS coeruleus

a small area in the brainstem

LOCUS coeruleus

• principal site for NE release and goes to other regions of brain supplying NE

• Activates NE release

LOCUS coeruleus

• if there is stress or threat, the ______ activates NE release and stimulate parasympathetic and sympathetic NS

• so this system is helpful if may Real danger/threat

OVERSTIMULATED/hyperactive

• In anxiety disorder, Locus coeruleus is ________, even if no real threat, nagrerelease parin ng NE

Chronic central noradrenergic overactivity

In GAD there is _________

Chronic central noradrenergic overactivity

• there is long term NE release

• because