Ch 11: Stress and Thyroid only

t/f stress is a threat to homeostasis

true

what are the two hormones secreted by the adrenal gland

Cortisol and Epinephrine

what is the stress hormone?

cortisol
(and epinephrine but mainly cortisol)

Cortisol is secreted by what?

the adrenal cortex

what type of steroid hormone is cortisol?

Glucocorticoid

t/f secretion of cortisol is increased when stressed

true

What are the 4 functions of Cortisol?

1. helps maintain blood pressure
2. anti-inflammatory (also anti-immune to fight overactivity in immune system)
3. helps differentiates tissues and glands in fetal and neonatal stages
4. increases blood sugar level (thus decreases immune response)

What hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

epinephrine

what hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Cortisol
[think... CORTisol=CORTex]

t/f the adrenal medulla is the outside on the adrenal gland

false
[think... Med=middle]

t/f the adrenal cortex is the outside portion on the adrenal gland

True

what type of hormone is epinephrine?

catecholamine

what are the 2 functions of epinephrine

1. Increased heart rate and respiratory rate
2. Shifts blood flow to skeletal muscle
(vasoontricts gut vessels & vasodilates skeletal muscle vessels )

explain why people often gain weight when stressed

Epinephrine causes more blood flow to skeletal muscles and less blood flow in digestive system (slows metabolism)

where is the thyroid gland located?

in the neck, more specifically just below the larnyx

t/f the thyroid glad is one lobed

False, it is two lobed

what are throid follicles filled with?

colloid fluid

what is colloid fluid

protein-rich fluid

what cells line the thyroid follicles?

follicular cells

what is the function of follicular cells?

they synthesize thyroid hormones

what is the function of the three hormone sequence?

to control cortisol secretion

Name the three hormones in the three hormone sequence in order

1. TRH (hypothalamus)
2.TSH (anterior pituitary)
3.T3/T4
(and growth of thyroid)

what hormone inhibits secretion of TRH

Thyroxine

what hormone inhibits responsiveness to TRH

Thyroxine

What two hormones does the thyroid glad produce?

triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (t4)

what hormone inhibits secretion and responsiveness of TRH

thyroxine

idk how to put it in words so pls study slide 27 on chapter 11

how many iodides are in MIT?

1 iodide

[think.. m=mono]

how many iodides are in DIT?

two

[think... d = di = 2]

How is T3 made?

MIT + DIT = (T3)

what two hormones make T4?

DIT+DIT = T4

3 Functions of Thyroid hormones

-Stimulates carbohydrate absorption from small intestine in order to get energy for metabolism
-increases fatty acid release from adipocytes to get energy for metabolism
-generates heat for homeostasis

what is hypothyroidism?

lower than normal plasma concentration of thyroid hormones causing an enlarge thyroid

what causes hypothyroidism?

iodine deficiency

how does insufficient dietary iodine effect the secretion of thyroid hormones?

creates a negative feedback control of TSH secretion.

causes excess TSH and hypertrophy of the thyroid gland