Ch. 26 and 27: Bacteria, Archaea and Protists

Cell-Wall Composition (Peptidoglycan)

maintains shapes/helps establishes homeostasis/provides protection

protein synthesis occurs in similar ways in what two domains?

Archaea and Eukarya

what were archaea first described as from their extreme environments?

extremophiles

what do archaea have that helps them live in extreme environments 

unique cell membranes

what do eukaryotes have that bacteria and archaea don’t have

nuclear envelope and organelles

why do biologists study bacteria, archaea and protists

cause diseases, beneficial microbes, photosynthesis, and decomposition and nutrient cycling

phyla are often characterized based on

morphology and movement; metabolism; reproduction

what are the differences between the bacteria and archaea phyla

important morphological differences (including mobility)

bacteria and archaea are most diverse in what?

metabolism or how they obtain energy and organic compounds

chemosynthesis

able to get energy from inorganic molecules

what do protists have that bacteria and archaea don’t?

structural support, new methods of locomotion, multicellularity, and the origins of sexual reproduction

what is the benefit of sexual reproduction in protists

increased genetic diversity