Revised Psychology Question Bank 2024-25

Vocabulary-based flashcards covering key terms and concepts from First Year PUC Psychology chapters, including introductory concepts, research methods, human development, and psychological processes.

Psyche

A term meaning soul.

Logos

A term meaning study.

Psychology

The study of behaviour or responses which can be measured and studied objectively.

Wilhelm Wundt

The individual who established the first psychological laboratory in $1879$.

Functionalism

An approach developed by William James that focused on how behaviour enabled people to satisfy their needs and function effectively by adapting to their environment.

Psycho-immunology

A field that emphasizes the role played by the mind in strengthening the immune system.

Introspection

A procedure in which individuals describe their own mental processes or experiences.

Psychoanalysis

A perspective founded by Sigmund Freud viewing human behaviour as a dynamic manifestation of unconscious desires and conflicts.

Gestalt Psychology

An approach born in Germany in $1912$ that argues perceptual experience is more than the sum of the components of the perception.

Developmental Psychology

The study of physical, social, and psychological changes that occur at different ages and stages over a life-span, from conception to old age.

Health Psychology

A field focusing on the role of psychological factors in the development, prevention, and treatment of illness.

Clinical Psychology

A branch of psychology that deals with the causes, treatment, and prevention of different types of psychological disorders like anxiety and depression.

Educational Psychology

The study of how people of all ages learn.

Industrial Psychology (Organisational Psychology)

A field that deals with workplace behaviour, focusing on both workers and the organisations that employ them.

Cognition

The process of knowing.

Constructivism

A perspective involving exploration into the physical and social world, with Vygotsky associated with the constructivist theory of development of mind.

Naturalistic Observation

A method where observations are done in natural or real-life settings.

Participant Observation

An observation method where the observer becomes part of the group being observed.

Demographic Information

Information including personal details such as name, age, gender, birth order, education, and occupation.

Positive Correlation

Indicates that as the value of one variable ($X$) increases, the value of the other variable ($Y$) also increases.

Negative Correlation

Indicates that as the value of one variable ($X$) increases, the value of the other variable ($Y$) decreases.

Reliability

Refers to the consistency of scores obtained by an individual on the same test on two different occasions.

Validity

Refers to the degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

Case Studies

Methods that provide detailed, in-depth depictions of people's lives.

Cephalocaudally

A process where growth and development proceed from the head region to the tail region.

Proximodistal

A process where growth proceeds from the centre of the body and moves towards the extremities or more distal regions.

Rooting Reflex

A newborn reflex described as turning the head and opening the mouth when touched on the cheek.

Moro Reflex

A newborn reflex where, in response to a loud noise, the baby throws her/his arms outward while arching her/his back and then draws the arms together.

Microsystem

The immediate environment or setting in which the individual lives, such as family, peers, and teachers.

Egocentrism

A salient feature of preoperational thought where a child is self-focused.

Animism

Thinking that all things are living like oneself, often occurring in children due to egocentrism.

Centration

The tendency for children to focus on a single characteristic or feature for understanding an event during the preoperational stage.

Absolute Threshold (Absolute Limen)

The minimum value of a stimulus required to activate a given sensory system.

Difference Threshold (Difference Limen)

The smallest difference in the value of two stimuli that is necessary to notice them as different.

Phi-Phenomenon

An illusion experienced when motionless pictures are projected one after another at an appropriate rate.

Learning

Any relatively permanent change in behaviour or behavioural potential produced by experience.

Reinforcer

Any stimulus or event which increases the probability of the occurrence of a desired response.

Sensory Memory

The first stage of memory where incoming information is recorded and registered via iconic, echoic, or other senses.

Episodic Memory

Long-term memory containing biographical details of our lives.

Semantic Memory

Memory of general awareness and knowledge, including concepts, ideas, and rules.

Procedural Memory

Memories relating to procedures for accomplishing various tasks.

Mnemonics

Strategies for improving memory.

Divergent Thinking

Open-ended thinking abilities that generally include fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration.

Convergent Thinking

Mental process leading to only one correct answer for a given task.

Motivation

Derived from the Latin word "Movere", it is a state that arouses an organism to act to fulfill a need.

Industrial Psychology

The study of workplace behaviour and its impact on workers and organisations.

Durgananda Sinha

Author of the work "Psychology in a third world country, the Indian experience".