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Eyewitness Testimony
A legal term referring to an account given by people of an event they have witnessed.
Inattentional Blindness
The failure to perceive the appearance of an unexpected object in the visual environment.
Change Blindness
The failure to detect changes in an object or scene.
Dud Effect
Increased confidence in an eyewitness's mistakes when the lineup includes individuals very dissimilar to the culprit.
Weapon Focus Effect
The phenomenon where eyewitnesses have poor memory for details of a crime event because they focus their attention on the criminal's weapon.
Misinformation Effect
The distorting effect on eyewitness memory of misleading information presented after a crime or other event.
Other-Race Effect
The finding that recognition memory for same-race faces is generally more accurate than for other-race faces.
Verbal Overshadowing Effect
The finding that describing a previously seen face can impair its subsequent recognition.
Confirmation Bias
Distortions of memory caused by the influence of expectations concerning what is likely to have happened.
Unconscious Transference
The tendency of eyewitnesses to misidentify a familiar (but innocent) face as belonging to the culprit.
Confidence-Accuracy Paradox
The observation that eyewitnesses can be highly confident in their mistaken identifications.
Judicial Misconceptions
Common misunderstandings by jurors or judges regarding the reliability of eyewitness testimony.
Cognitive Interview
A technique used by investigators to enhance eyewitness recall through various memory principles.
Age Bias in Eyewitness Identification
The tendency for eyewitnesses to recognize individuals of their own age more accurately than those of other ages.
Feedback Effect
The influence on eyewitness confidence and accuracy based on feedback received after an identification.
Source Misattribution
A memory error where the source or context of a memory is incorrectly attributed.
Change Blindness Blindness
The exaggerated belief individuals have about their ability to detect changes in their environment.
Schema Theory
A cognitive theory explaining how people's knowledge and expectations shape their memory.
Eyewitness Misidentification
When an eyewitness incorrectly identifies a suspect in a lineup, leading to wrongful convictions.
