Operant Conditioning Reinforcements And Punishments

Reinforcements

• Any stimuli added or taken away to make a behavior increase frequency

• Promotes the reoccurrence of behavior

2 types of reinforcements

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

Reinforcements

• Any stimuli added or taken away to make a behavior increase frequency

• Promotes the reoccurrence of behavior

2 types of reinforcements

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

Positive reinforcement

• A stimuli is added to increase the likelihood of a behavior happening again

• Stimuli is desirable

• Example: Giving a treat to a dog for sitting on command, which makes the dog more likely to sit on command in the future

Negative reinforcement

• A stimuli is taken away or removal or a stressor to increase the likelihood of a behavior happening again

• Removal of a undesirable stimuli

• Example: A teacher stops giving extra homework when a student completes all assignments on time, making the student more likely to keep completing assignments to avoid extra work

Punishments

• Stimuli added or taken away that will decrease behavioral responses

• Punishment alone is effective

• Reinforcement alone is more effective

• Reinforcement and punishment together is most effective

Types of punishments

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

Positive punishment

• A stimuli is added to reduce the likelihood of a behavior happening again

• Stimuli is undesirable

• Example: A coach makes a player run laps every time they miss a practice, which makes the player less likely to skip practice again

Negative punishment

• Taking away stimuli that the person likes to reduce the likelihood of a behavior happening against

• Example: A parent takes away a teenager’s gaming console when they don’t do their chores, making the teenager more likely to do their chores to keep their gaming console