Week 7 - Digestive System (Digestive tract Wall, Mouth, Pharynx, Oesophagus and Peritoneum)

gastrointestinal (GI) tract

continuous muscular digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

accessory digestive organs

includes teeth, tongue, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas

chemical digestion

enzymatic breakdown of food

mechanical digestion

chewing, mixing, and segmentation that prepares food for chemical digestion

Mucosa

innermost lining of the gastrointestinal tract

lamina propria

a layer of loose connective tissue

muscularis mucosa

thin layer of smooth muscle; adjacent to the submucosa

submucosa

layer of dense connective tissue in the alimentary canal wall that binds the overlying mucosa to the underlying muscularis

muscularis externa

muscle (skeletal or smooth) layer of the gastrointestinal wall

serosa

outermost layer of the alimentary canal wall present in regions within the abdominal cavity (stomach, small and large intestines)

adventitia

A thin layer of loose connective tissue that binds an organ to surrounding tissues or organs present in mouth, pharynx, and oesophagus

oral cavity

Consists of cheeks, tongue, and palate; lies posterior to the opening of the mouth; bounded posteriorly by the soft palate

hard palate

anterior portion, supported by bone tissue and an external mucous membrane covering

soft palate

posterior region of the bottom portion of the nasal cavity that consists of skeletal muscle

uvula

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

tonuge

located over the floor of the oral cavity. Facilitates ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, sensation (taste, texture and temperature of food), swallowing and vocalisation

deciduous tooth

one of 20 "baby teeth"

dentition

set of tooth

Incisors

midline, chisel-shaped tooth used for cutting into food

canine

pointed tooth used for tearing and shredding food

premolar

transitional tooth used for mastication, crushing, and grinding food

molar

tooth used for crushing and grinding food

salivary glands

an exocrine gland that secretes a digestive fluid called saliva directly into the oral cavity or indirectly through the ducts

parotid glands

one of a pair of major salivary glands located inferior and anterior to the ears

submandibular glands

one of a pair of major salivary glands located in the floor of the mouth

saliva

aqueous solution of proteins and ions secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands

Pharynx

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

Mesothelium

the epithelium found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity and covering its organs

serous membrane

Membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body

peritoneum

a serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity

mesentery

a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall; in small intestines only jejunum and ileum

mesocolon

attaches the transverse and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall

falciform ligament

attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

peritoneal cavity

space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

parietal peritoneum

the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

visceral peritoneum (serosa)

covers organs within peritoneal cavity

intraperitoneal organs

organs that are located within the peritoneum and surrounded by visceral peritoneum

retroperitoneal organs

located outside, or posterior to, the peritoneum

Includes most of pancreas, duodenum, and parts of large intestine