APHG REVIEW Fall Final 2024

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53 Terms

1

Economic

Pertains to financial value.

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2

Social

Relates to the organization of human society, ideas, customs, and social behaviors of people.

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3

Political

Relates to the government, public affairs, laws, borders or territories of a country.

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4

Environmental

Describes the natural world and the impact of human activity on its condition.

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5

Spatial Analysis

The study of why things are located where they are.

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6

Distance Decay

As distance increases, the intensity of a connection between locations decreases.

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7

Friction of Distance

Distance that causes obstacles or friction in connections.

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8

Human-Environment Interaction (HEI)

How people interact and relate to the physical world through adaptations and modifications.

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9

Environmental Determinism

Theory that landforms and climate shape human behavior and societal development.

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10

Possibilism

Theory that cultures respond to their environment in various ways.

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11

Geographic Scale

The amount of land a map shows, such as global, regional, local.

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12

Local Global Continuum

Interdependencies among different scales where events at one scale can affect events at another scale.

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13

Formal/Uniform Region

Areas with high consistency in common attributes that unify a space.

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14

Functional/Nodal Region

Areas connected by a node, hub, or centerpoint based on movement or communication.

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15

Perceptual/Vernacular Region

Areas grouped by people's beliefs and attitudes that may not have clear boundaries.

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16

Positive Correlation

When two variables work in the same direction.

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17

Negative Correlation

When two variables work in opposite directions.

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18

Quantitative Data

Data that defines numbers, hard statistics.

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19

Qualitative Data

Descriptive data collected through interpretations and interviews.

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20

Choropleth Map

A thematic map using shading to show different levels of data.

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21

Pindot Map

A map using dot symbols to show the presence or quantity of a phenomenon.

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22

Isoline Map

A map using lines to connect points of equal value.

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23

Cartogram

A map that shows electoral votes with larger states representing more electoral votes.

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24

Map Projection

A method of representing the 3D Earth on a 2D surface.

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25

Distortion

Every map has distortions that result from creating a flat representation of a sphere.

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26

Cylindrical Projection

A map projection that maintains the correct size of land masses but distorts shapes.

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27

Conic Projection

Map projection useful for mid-latitudes with curvature but inconsistent directions.

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28

Population Density

The number of people in relation to the space they occupy.

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29

Ecumene

Portion of the Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlements.

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30

Arithmetic Density

The number of people per unit of land.

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31

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit of arable land.

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32

Agricultural Density

The number of farmers per unit of arable land.

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33

Demographic Momentum

The tendency for a population to continue to grow even after birth rates decline.

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34

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model that defines the stages of population growth and changes.

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35

Pro Natal Policies

Policies encouraging people to have babies to increase population.

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36

Anti Natal Policies

Policies discouraging people from having babies to control population growth.

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37

Emigrant

A person who moves from one country to another.

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38

Immigrant

A person who moves into a new country.

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39

Cultural Diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

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40

Acculturation

The process by which a culture is substantially changed through interaction with another culture.

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41

Assimilation

Process by which immigrants become fully integrated into a new culture.

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42

Pidgin Language

A simplified language combining elements of two or more languages.

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43

Creole Language

A stable natural language that has developed from a pidgin.

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44

Ethnic Religion

Religion people are born into.

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45

Universalizing Religion

Religions that seek converts.

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46

Dependency Ratio

A ratio comparing the number of dependents to the working-age population.

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47

Territoriality

A group's control or attachment to a piece of land.

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48

Sovereignty

A state's ability to govern itself without external interference.

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49

Nation-State

A political entity where the population is predominantly from one nation.

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50

Multinational State

A state containing multiple ethnic groups that have their own distinct political status.

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51

Centripetal Force

Forces that unite or pull people together.

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52

Centrifugal Force

Forces that divide or push people away from each other.

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53

Supranational Organization

An organization composed of multiple countries working together.

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