APHG REVIEW Fall Final 2024

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53 Terms

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Economic

Pertains to financial value.

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Social

Relates to the organization of human society, ideas, customs, and social behaviors of people.

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Political

Relates to the government, public affairs, laws, borders or territories of a country.

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Environmental

Describes the natural world and the impact of human activity on its condition.

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Spatial Analysis

The study of why things are located where they are.

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Distance Decay

As distance increases, the intensity of a connection between locations decreases.

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Friction of Distance

Distance that causes obstacles or friction in connections.

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Human-Environment Interaction (HEI)

How people interact and relate to the physical world through adaptations and modifications.

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Environmental Determinism

Theory that landforms and climate shape human behavior and societal development.

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Possibilism

Theory that cultures respond to their environment in various ways.

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Geographic Scale

The amount of land a map shows, such as global, regional, local.

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Local Global Continuum

Interdependencies among different scales where events at one scale can affect events at another scale.

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Formal/Uniform Region

Areas with high consistency in common attributes that unify a space.

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Functional/Nodal Region

Areas connected by a node, hub, or centerpoint based on movement or communication.

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Perceptual/Vernacular Region

Areas grouped by people's beliefs and attitudes that may not have clear boundaries.

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Positive Correlation

When two variables work in the same direction.

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Negative Correlation

When two variables work in opposite directions.

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Quantitative Data

Data that defines numbers, hard statistics.

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Qualitative Data

Descriptive data collected through interpretations and interviews.

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Choropleth Map

A thematic map using shading to show different levels of data.

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Pindot Map

A map using dot symbols to show the presence or quantity of a phenomenon.

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Isoline Map

A map using lines to connect points of equal value.

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Cartogram

A map that shows electoral votes with larger states representing more electoral votes.

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Map Projection

A method of representing the 3D Earth on a 2D surface.

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Distortion

Every map has distortions that result from creating a flat representation of a sphere.

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Cylindrical Projection

A map projection that maintains the correct size of land masses but distorts shapes.

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Conic Projection

Map projection useful for mid-latitudes with curvature but inconsistent directions.

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Population Density

The number of people in relation to the space they occupy.

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Ecumene

Portion of the Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlements.

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Arithmetic Density

The number of people per unit of land.

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Physiological Density

The number of people per unit of arable land.

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Agricultural Density

The number of farmers per unit of arable land.

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Demographic Momentum

The tendency for a population to continue to grow even after birth rates decline.

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Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model that defines the stages of population growth and changes.

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Pro Natal Policies

Policies encouraging people to have babies to increase population.

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Anti Natal Policies

Policies discouraging people from having babies to control population growth.

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Emigrant

A person who moves from one country to another.

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Immigrant

A person who moves into a new country.

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Cultural Diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

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Acculturation

The process by which a culture is substantially changed through interaction with another culture.

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Assimilation

Process by which immigrants become fully integrated into a new culture.

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Pidgin Language

A simplified language combining elements of two or more languages.

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Creole Language

A stable natural language that has developed from a pidgin.

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Ethnic Religion

Religion people are born into.

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Universalizing Religion

Religions that seek converts.

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Dependency Ratio

A ratio comparing the number of dependents to the working-age population.

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Territoriality

A group's control or attachment to a piece of land.

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Sovereignty

A state's ability to govern itself without external interference.

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Nation-State

A political entity where the population is predominantly from one nation.

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Multinational State

A state containing multiple ethnic groups that have their own distinct political status.

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Centripetal Force

Forces that unite or pull people together.

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Centrifugal Force

Forces that divide or push people away from each other.

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Supranational Organization

An organization composed of multiple countries working together.