Exam 5: Body Tissues

Which epithelial cell type is characterized by an irregular, flat shape and is specialized for filtration?

Squamous

Tall epithelial calls that function primarily in absorption and secretion are called: cells

Columnar

Which epithelial cells are cube-shaped and involved in both secretion and absorption?

Cuboidal

In diabetes, which substance is unable to enter the body’s cells effectively, and how can this lead to tissue damage?

Glucose—it stays in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar that damages blood vessels and nerves.

What is one major consequence of glucose remaining in the bloodstream instead of entering cells?

Damage to blood vessels due to chronic high blood sugar.

How does high blood pressure (hyperglycemia) cause nerve damage over time?

It damages the small blood vessels that supply the nerves.

Most common type of tissue in the body:

Connective

Clinical term for fat:

Adipose Tissue

The epithelial tissue found in the lining of the air sac of the lungs:

Simple Squamous

The membrane called the mesentery lines the abdominal pelvic cavity and covers organs. This is what type of membrane?

Serous

Involving conscious effort and though for movement, the skeletal muscles are called

Voluntary Muscles

Cardiac and visceral muscles are considered what type because they do not require the use of consciousness about contracting. Cardiac and visceral are this.

involuntary

Body fat is what kind of tissue?

Connective

MODS is:

multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Nervous system

communication; rapid messenger of info

Muscle Tissue

shortens itself; movement is provided in

Connective Tissue

tissue that holds things together-structure

Epithelial Tissue

tissue type that covers body and its parts

Striated

appearance of skeletal muscles

Serous

membrane that covers organs-lines cavities

Cutaneous

known commonly as skin

Synovial Membrane

found in space between joints—slippery fluid

Visceral and parietal membranes are both components of which type of membrane?

Serous

Which organ contains muscle that contracts involuntarily and rhythmically to pump blood?

heart

Membranes that line joints and produce a fluid that reduces friction:

synovial

Tendons and ligaments are composed of dense:

Connective Tissue

Which muscle type is voluntary and attached to bones?

Skeletal

Which muscle type is non-striated and found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and intestines?

smooth

Which muscle type has striations, multiple nuclei, and is under voluntary control?

Skeletal

Nervous tissue is primarily made up of which two main types of cells?

Neurons and neuroglia (glial cells)

Which component of nervous tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses?

Neurons

The parietal layer of a serous membrane lines:

the body cavity walls

The visceral layer of a serous membrane directly covers:

internal organs

Which statement correctly differentiates parietal and visceral membranes?

Visceral membranes cover organs; parietal membranes line cavity walls

In diabetes mellitus, high blood sugar can damage tissues primarily because:

Glucose cannot enter the cells, remaining in the bloodstream and causing hyperglycemia.

Which of the following is a direct consequence of high blood sugar on blood vessels?

Thickening and weakening of vessel walls

How does diabetes mellitus increase the risk of nerve damage (neuropathy)?

High glucose levels damage small blood vessels that supply nerves

Why are wounds slower to heal in people with uncontrolled diabetes?

High blood sugar prevents oxygen and nutrients from reaching tissues efficiently.

What is septicemia?

The presence of bacteria or toxins in the bloodstream.

Septicemia is most commonly caused by:

Bacterial infections entering the bloodstream

Which of the following is a common symptom of septicemia?

High fever and chills

If septicemia is left untreated, it can lead to:

Septic shock and organ failure

Septicemia can cause tissue hypoxia because:

Blood pressure drops, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues

Which loose connective tissue primarily stores fat and provides insulation and energy reserves?

Adipose

Which statement about adipose tissue is true?

It stores nutrients in the form of a fat

Which type of dense connective tissue contains a high proportion of elastic fibers and allows stretching and recoil?

Elastic connective tissue

Cells excrete products via:

merocrine

Endocrine glands secrete ______ into the _______.

hormones; blood

Highly flexible type of connective tissue found in ear tips and the nasal tip:

elastic

RBCs that carry oxygen:

erythrocytes

WBC’s that are responsible for immune response:

leukocytes

Transitional epithelial tissue will be found in the lining of the urinary bladder because:

it can change in shape with elasticity