english LITERARY TERMS final sophmore spring semester 2025 mr scotty lauragnge on the day of the history final with mr pete salga (drivel), english VOCAB final sophmore spring semester 2025 mr scotty lauragnge on the day of the history final with mr…

tragedy

an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude using language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament and that takes the form of action rather than a narrative.

catharsis

the point of tragedy is to effect a purgation of pity and fear by exciting these emotions

hamartia

tragic flaw; some sort of excess in behavior

peripetia

reversal of fortune, brought about by the hero's flaw (Hamlet becomes chopped)

Classical

well-ordered, simple, pure, a world of clear rules and limits

gothic

(1760s-1820s) chaotic, ornate, convoluted, a world of excess and exaggeration, constantly tending to overflow cultural boundaries - opposite of CLASSICAL

term first applied to Gothic architecture

darker, horror, supernatural tales

terror

"awful apprehension", uses suspense or dread; scenes possess the "smell of death"; ambiguous physical details;

horror

uses fear and revulsion; scenes possess "stumbling against corpses"; "sickening realization"

Doppleganger

ts ez this the one everyone better get correct

fragmentation

term referring to the sense of a brokenness felt in the early 20th century which in the Modernist art was achieved by a variety of techniques like stream-of-consciousness, collage, and other methods of disordered, discontinuous narrative (think Georges Grosz's Metropolis)

collage

modernist technique mixing allusions to create a new whole

villanelle

stream of consciousness

typically of an artist: the work calls attention to its own status as art

overvoice

centralized narrator; a voice through which other voices/characters speak, or who speaks for a collective (can be speaking for characters throughout time as well)

Hamlet was written when

1559-1601, in Quarto 1603, same year Elizabeth the Virgin died

Setting of Hamlet

14th-15th Century Denmark

The Spanish Tragedy

established many of the conventions of revenge drama for the Elizabethan theater

Tragic hero qualities

Nobleness/Wisdom (by birth they are noble), Hamartia (tragic flaw), Peripetia (reversal of their fortune for the worse), Recognition (realizes the downfall is caused by himself)

Gothic architecture

unrestrained: arches, tall spires, savage ornamentation

Goth culture today

dark clothes, heavy make-up, sad personas

Southern Gothic

20th cent use of Gothic motifs to capture racial effects in the south post Civil War

Victorian time

Queen Victoria (1837-1901):

* 2nd English Renaissance during Industrial Rev, great inventions

* old-fashioned style & people

* age of religious doubt

* modern politics was born (all the 'isms)

* social responsibility: moral values, education

Victorian Gentleman

not designated for the rich men only, but they certainly were classified as such

* Newman - "he is one who never inflicts pain...he is tender, gentle, merciful" good description

Steampunk

subculture born in Victorian era: Victorian + Wild West + sci fi = Steampunk art

Jekyll and Hyde

Duality of man, Victorian hypocrisy, consequences of messing w/nature

Modernism

movement which rejected Victorian standards of how art should be made & its subsequent meaning

Modernism origins

* WW1 caused strain on society

* WW2 marked negative modern thought

* 20s boom, 30s recession

* ended in '56, time of US social unrest

Modernism strays away form

middle class thinking, clear cut thinking and expressing of emotions

Modernism emphasizes

fragmented forms (impressionism), discontinuous narratives, random collages of stuff: general disorder but with the self-consciousness of artist

Modernism gives off feelings of

Alienation, despair, loss

Modernism emphasizes pt 2

individual, inner being over social human being

unconscious over self-conscious: life as it is lived, not in the imagination of people (Freud and Jung)

acrimonious

stinging, bitter in temper or tone

astute

shrewd, crafty, showing practical wisdom

austere

severe or stern in manner, without adornment or luxury, simple, plain, harsh or sour in flavor

beneficent

performing acts of kindness or charity; conferring benefits, doing good

bizarre

extremely strange, unusual, atypical

castigate

to punish severely, to criticize severely

concoct

to prepare by combining ingredients; make up, to devise, invent, fabricate

consternation

dismay, confusion

contrive

to plan with ingenuity; to bring about through a plan

debase

to lower in character, quality or value; to degrade, adulterate, to cause to deteriorate

disconcert

to confuse; to disturb the composure of

discursive

rambling, , passing aimlessly from one place or subject to another

efficacious

effective, producing results

evanescent

vanishing, soon passing away; light and airy

foist

to impose by fraud, to pass off as worthy or genuine; to bring about by stealth

fortuitous

accidental, occuring by a happy chance

heinous

very wicked, offensive, hateful

ignoble

mean, low , base

intemperate

immoderate, lacking in self-control; inclement

inconsequential

trifling, unimportant

irresolute

unable to make up one's mind

mitigate

to make milder or softer; to moderate in force or intensity

nebulous

cloudlike, resembling a cloud; cloudy in color, not transparent; vague, confused, indistinct

pretentious

done for show, striving to make a big impression; claiming merit or position unjustifiably; ambitious

provocative

tending to produce a strong feeling or response; arousing desire or appetite; irritating; annoying

relegate

to place in a lower position; to assign, refer, turn over, to banish

reprobate

a depraved, vicious, or unprincipled person, scoundrel; adj: corrupt or unprincipled; verb: to disapprove of

stalwart

strong, sturdy, brave, resolute; a brave, strong person, a strong supporter; one who takes an uncompromising position

specious

deceptive; apparently good or valid but lacking real merit

transgress

to go beyond a limit or boundary; to sin; to violate a law