Ontogeny of EEG from Childhood to Adult

Flashcards defining key EEG frequency bands, maturation stages of the Posterior Background Rhythm (PBR), and specific pediatric waveforms like mu rhythms and posterior slow waves of youth.

Delta Frequency Band

EEG frequency range spanning from $0.5$ to $4\,\text{Hz}$.

Theta Frequency Band

EEG frequency range spanning from $5$ to $7\,\text{Hz}$.

Alpha Frequency Band

EEG frequency range spanning from $8$ to $13\,\text{Hz}$.

Beta Frequency Band

EEG frequency range spanning from $14$ to $25\,\text{Hz}$ (or general frequencies occurring at $>13\,\text{Hz}$).

EEG Ontogeny

The progressive change in EEG frequency, voltage, and morphology from birth to adulthood.

Posterior Background Rhythm (PBR)

A wakeful rhythm appearing in occipital, parietal, and posterior temporal regions that is reactive to eye opening and closing; it appears in $75\%$ of infants by $3-4\,\text{mths}$ of age.

PBR Frequency ($3-4\,\text{mths}$)

The typical frequency of the posterior background rhythm in infants aged $3-4\,\text{mths}$ is $3.5-4.5\,\text{Hz}$.

PBR Frequency ($1\,\text{yr}$)

The typical frequency of the posterior background rhythm in children aged $1\,\text{yr}$ is $5-7\,\text{Hz}$.

PBR Frequency ($2\,\text{yrs}$)

The typical frequency of the posterior background rhythm in children aged $2\,\text{yrs}$ is $6-8\,\text{Hz}$.

PBR Frequency ($3\,\text{yrs}$)

The typical frequency of the posterior background rhythm in children aged $3\,\text{yrs}$ is $7-9\,\text{Hz}$.

PBR Frequency ($7-9\,\text{yrs}$)

The typical frequency of the posterior background rhythm in children aged $7-9\,\text{yrs}$ is $9\,\text{Hz}$.

PBR Frequency (Adult)

The typical frequency of the posterior background rhythm in adults is $9-11\,\text{Hz}$.

Childhood PBR Asymmetry

A normal finding in $95\%$ of children where the alpha rhythm has an asymmetry of up to $20\%$, typically with a lower amplitude on the left side.

Posterior Slow of Youth

Occipital delta or theta slow waves intermixed with background rhythms that are reactive to eye opening; they appear after $3\,\text{yrs}$ of age and typically have a higher amplitude on the right.

Lambda Waves

Occipital transients that are considered the equivalent of the $P100$ visual evoked potential.

Shut Eye Waves

Broad sharp waves or diphasic transients seen in infants, reaching a maximum occurrence at $2-3\,\text{yrs}$ of age.

mu Rhythms

Arch or comb-shaped central rhythms occurring at $C3$ and $C4$ with a frequency of $7-12\,\text{Hz}$ that are reactive to contralateral limb movement.

Beta Frequency Amplitude

Low amplitude activity ($<20\,\mu\text{V}$) that is present in relaxed or drowsy states; its presence in young children can be amplified or induced by medication.

Awake EEG ($2-12\,\text{months}$)

Characterized by predominant irregular delta, rhythmical occipital activity at $3-4\,\text{Hz}$, and rhythmical central rhythms ($5-8\,\text{Hz}$) appearing from $3\,\text{months}$.

Awake EEG ($3-5\,\text{years}$)

Characterized by high amplitude $8\,\text{Hz}$ PBR intermixed with $1.5-4\,\text{Hz}$ activity, anterior rhythmical theta, and central mu rhythms.