Thirst in Heart Failure: A Scoping Review

Flashcards on Thirst in Heart Failure

Heart Failure (HF)

The end stage of various cardiovascular diseases, marked by high morbidity, mortality, and cost, affecting over 64 million people worldwide.

Common HF Symptoms

Symptoms often include dyspnoea, fatigue, and oedema. Thirst is another common symptom.

tHF

Thirst in patients with heart failure. Medical staff should pay attention to it because it causes patients to not comply with drug treatment and fluid restriction.

Regulation of Thirst

Thirst is regulated by plasma volume and body fluid osmolality, and is a strong desire to drink.

Dimensions of Thirst

Thirst is assessed in four dimensions: intensity, distress, duration, and frequency.

Neuro-endocrine Hormones and tHF

The most important mechanism of tHF is related to the regulation disorder of neuro-endocrine hormones in the body.

tHF Relief Strategies

Strategies for relieving tHF include ice chips or cubes, gum, sips, mints, frozen fruits in trays, lemonade and artificial saliva, gargling, and brushing teeth.

Incidence of tHF

The overall picture of research related to tHF and identify the knowledge gap in this field.

tHF Incidence - China

Two studies from China (Beijing and Dalian) reported tHF incidence of 88.6% and 83.2%, respectively.

tHF Incidence - Spain

A study from Spain reported a tHF incidence of 47.0%.

tHF Incidence - India

A study from India reported a tHF incidence of 66.7%.

tHF Incidence - Netherlands

A multicentre study from the Netherlands reported a tHF incidence of 34.0%.

Related Factors of tHF

Demographic factors (sex, age, BMI), HF-related and medication factors, self-care practices, and emotions are related to tHF.

Medication Factors and tHF

Diuretics, tolvaptan, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may be related to tHF.

Diuretics and tHF

Diuretics can increase tHF.

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists and tHF

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can reduce tHF.

Self-nursing practice for HF

Fluid restriction is the main self-care method.

Connection between emotions and tHF

The most common negative emotions in patients with HF are depression and anxiety.

Intervention measures for tHF

The interventions mainly included the use of chewing gum, saliva substitute, frozen strawberries, lemon water spray, acupoint massage, ear-point pressing beans, ginseng plum decoction, black plum soup and improved five- juice drink

Mitigation strategies

Mitigation strategies included the use of artificial saliva , mouthwash, cucumber, mint, ice cubes, frozen fruits in ice cube, a small amount of water, buttermilk, coconut water and isotonic drinks and brushing teeth.