Psychology 101 Final Study Guide

Flashcards covering key concepts from the Psychology 101 final study guide.

Psychoanalysis

A therapeutic approach that aims to explore and understand unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Id

The reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic drives.

Ego

The mostly conscious part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality.

Superego

The part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment.

Defense Mechanisms

Psychological strategies used by the ego to protect itself from anxiety and conflicts.

Psychosexual Stages

Five stages of personality development proposed by Freud, focusing on erogenous zones.

Trait Perspective on Personality (5 Factor)

A model of personality that includes five basic dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Self-Report Tests

Assessment tools where individuals provide subjective reports of their own thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

Projective Tests

Psychological assessment tools that use ambiguous stimuli to elicit projection of inner feelings.

Attribution

The process of explaining the causes of a person's behavior.

Attribution Error

The tendency to overestimate the influence of personal traits and underestimate situational factors.

Self Serving Bias

The tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to external factors.

Cognitive Dissonance

The psychological discomfort experienced when holding two conflicting beliefs or attitudes.

Bystander Effect

The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when other people are present.

Stress

A state of mental or emotional strain resulting from challenging circumstances.

PTSD

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, a mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

Resilience

The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; emotional strength.

Cognitive Therapy (CT steps)

A type of therapy focused on changing unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors.

Humanistic Therapy (Client Centered Therapy)

A therapeutic approach that emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.

Biomedical Therapy

Treatment that uses medications to manage psychological disorders.