Review of Skeletal System and Bone Biology

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the skeletal system and bone biology based on the lecture notes.

Osteogenic cells

Undifferentiated stem cells that give rise to all types of bone cells.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells that secrete the bone matrix.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts that maintain bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

Bone-resorbing cells that break down bone tissue during remodeling.

Ossification

The process of bone formation where minerals like calcium are deposited into the bone matrix.

Cancellous bone

Also known as spongy bone; this type of bone is more porous and forms the interior of bones.

Compact bone

Dense outer layer of bone that provides strength and structure.

Trabeculae

Thin, rod-like structures within cancellous bone that help support the structure.

Diaphysis

The central part of a long bone where primary growth occurs.

Epiphysis

The end part of a long bone, often involved in growth and development.

Hyaline cartilage

A type of cartilage that provides cushioning at joint surfaces.

Articular surface

The surface of a bone that forms a joint with another bone.

Bone remodeling

The process of bone resorption and formation that maintains bone density and integrity.

Bone modeling

The process of bone formation that increases bone mass without prior resorption.

Lacunae

Small cavities in bone tissue that contain osteocytes.

Canaliculi

Microscopic canals in bone that allow transport of nutrients and waste.

Aging and bone density

Bone density typically decreases with age due to changes in osteoblast and osteoclast activity.

Red bone marrow

The type of bone marrow responsible for the formation of red blood cells.

Yellow bone marrow

Bone marrow that primarily stores fat and can convert back to red marrow when increased blood cell production is needed.

Fracture healing

The process involving inflammation, connective tissue formation, and remodeling following a bone fracture.

Appendicular skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the limbs and attachment points to the axial skeleton.

Axial skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Bone shapes

Categories of bone classified as long, short, flat, or irregular based on their shapes.

Joint surfaces

Smooth surfaces on bones that interact with each other to form joints.

Osteogenesis

The process of bone tissue formation.