BDT202c - FE Mock Exam

Scanning paper invoices into PDFs with no process change is called what?

Digitization - converting analog into digital data only

Replacing paper forms with an online workflow but keeping the same process is called what?

Digitalization - digital tech improves an existing process

What is digital transformation?

Rethinking the business model, value proposition and customer relationships using digital technology

What does SMACIT stand for?

Social, Mobile, Analytics, Cloud, Internet of Things

What is the most common cause of digital transformation failure?

Culture, leadership and execution - not technology

Who should lead digital transformation?

Business strategy with executive leadership; IT enables, strategy drives

What does the operational backbone provide?

Reliable, efficient, standardized operations and trustworthy shared data

What kind of work is RPA best for?

Repetitive, rules-based, high-volume tasks

What must be fixed before customer-facing digital innovation can scale?

The operational backbone and data integration

What is the analytics maturity ladder?

Descriptive, then Diagnostic, then Predictive, then Prescriptive

Which analytics type answers what action should we take?

Prescriptive analytics

What are the three ways to monetize data?

Improve internal processes, wrap products with data and insights, sell data or data products

What is the biggest structural barrier to data-driven decisions?

Data silos and poor data quality

What does jobs-to-be-done mean?

Customers hire a product or service to achieve a specific outcome

How does a business ecosystem create value?

Through a network of partners and complementors co-creating value

What is omnichannel?

A consistent customer experience across every channel

How does disruptive innovation usually start?

In low-end or new markets, initially inferior on traditional metrics, then improves

What is the purpose of an MVP and test-and-learn?

Validate key assumptions cheaply before scaling investment

What is organizational ambidexterity?

Exploiting the core business while exploring new opportunities

Pipeline versus platform business model?

Pipeline creates value linearly; platform facilitates exchange between multiple participant groups

What is an indirect or cross-side network effect?

One user group attracts another, for example drivers attracting riders

In the MIT framing what does the digital platform asset deliver?

Reusable modular digital services and APIs enabling rapid innovation

What governance makes DT execution work?

Clear accountability, agile funding and KPIs tied to business outcomes

How should a DT initiative portfolio be prioritized?

Rank by value times feasibility, pilot, then scale what works

What are markers of a digital culture?

Tolerance of intelligent failure, data-driven decisions, cross-functional teams

What are the five essential characteristics of cloud computing?

On-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, measured service

Cloud shifts spending from what to what?

From CAPEX (upfront capital) to OPEX (pay for what you use)

Which service model gives OS-level control of a virtual machine?

IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service

Under shared responsibility who configures access to data?

The customer always owns data, identity and access configuration

What is hybrid cloud?

Combining private or on-premises infrastructure with public cloud

Give an example of unstructured data

Video, images, audio and documents

Data lake versus data warehouse?

Lake stores raw data in any format; warehouse stores processed structured data for analytics

Which product is a serverless data warehouse for petabyte-scale SQL analytics?

BigQuery

Which product ingests real-time streaming messages?

Pub/Sub

Which product runs existing Hadoop and Spark jobs?

Dataproc

Which product processes both batch and streaming pipelines?

Dataflow

What is the relationship between AI, ML and deep learning?

AI contains ML, and ML contains deep learning

Predicting churn from labeled historical records is what type of learning?

Supervised learning

A team with no ML skills needs a custom model on their own data - what do they use?

AutoML in Vertex AI

Which service extracts fields from scanned invoices?

Document AI

Which compute option gives the most control and suits lift-and-shift?

Compute Engine

Which compute option runs stateless containers serverless and scales to zero?

Cloud Run

Which compute option orchestrates containers with full control?

Google Kubernetes Engine

Which compute option runs small event-driven functions?

Cloud Functions

What is lift and shift?

Rehosting workloads as-is - fastest migration, least cloud benefit

What manages containers across on-premises and multiple clouds?

GKE Enterprise / Anthos

What is the Google Cloud resource hierarchy?

Organization, then Folder, then Project, then Resource - policies inherit downward

What is the principle of least privilege?

Grant only the minimum permissions required for the role

What does zero trust or BeyondCorp assume?

Trust is never based on network location; every user and device is verified each request

What is the CIA triad?

Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

What tool gives a central view of security posture and threats?

Security Command Center

What tool discovers and masks sensitive personal data?

Sensitive Data Protection (DLP)

How does Google Cloud encrypt customer data?

At rest and in transit by default

What prevents cloud budget overruns?

Budgets with alerts, quotas and labels for cost attribution

What is the difference between SLI, SLO and SLA?

SLI is the measured metric, SLO the internal target, SLA the external contract with consequences

What is toil in SRE?

Manual repetitive operational work that should be automated

What is an error budget?

The allowed amount of unreliability; when spent, stop features and fix reliability

What is Google's sustainability goal?

24/7 carbon-free energy by 2030