People and the Earth's Ecosystems - Finals

Energy

is the power or capacity to do work or produce change

Energy

the power we get from natural resources to generate elecricity, heat, or fuel for machines and humans use

1. Renewable

2. Non-renewable

2 Types of Energy

Renewable Energy

energy that comes from natural sources that are constantly replenished

1. Sunlight

2. Water

3. Geothermal Heat

4. Biomass

4 Renewable Energy Sources

Non-renewable Energy

energy sources that are used faster that they can be replaced

1. Fossil Fuels

2. Coal

3. Petroleum

4. Natural Gas

4 Sources of Non-renewable Energy

Solar Energy

energy that comes from the sun and is the most abundant energy reosurce on Earth

Solar Energy

it can be used to generate electricity, provide lighting and heat water for residential, commercial, or industrial use

1. Grid-Tied

2. Off-Grid

3. Hybrid

3 Types of Setups of Solar Panels

Grid-Tied

This is the most common and budget-friendly setup for urban homes and businesses

Grid-Tied

only half of the power is sent back

• need double the amount

Off-Grid

This setup provides total energy independence and is best for remote provincial farms, private islands, or areas without reliable utility access.

Hybrid

The hybrid setup is the "all-rounder" that combines grid connectivity with battery storage.

Wind Energy

electricity is created from the naturally flowing air in the Earth’s atmosphere

Wind Turbines

convert kinetic energy in wind into mechanical power, which can then be converted into electricity

Hydropower

energy that comes from the movement of water

Flowing water

spins a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity

Hydropower

one of the oldest and most widely used forms of renewable energy

Geothermal Energy

heat within the earth

Geothermal Energy

people can capture __________ through geothermal power plants or through direct-use applications

Geothermal Energy

it can be used for heating buildings or generating electricity by tapping undergrund reservoirs of steam or hot water

Biomass Energy

from organic materials such as plants, wood, and waste

Biomass Energy

when burned, the chemical energy from it is released as heat, which can be used to produce electricity or fuels

Coal

a black or brownish rock that is burned to generate energy, especially electricity

Coal

one of the most commonly used sources of energy in the world, but also one of the most polluting

Oil (Petroleum)

a thick black liquid fossil fuel from ancient marine organisms buried under sediment and subjected to heat and ressure over millions of years

Oil (Petroleum)

can be refined into gasoline, diesel fuel, and other petroleum products

Natural Gas

is a colorless, odorless fossil fuel made mostly of methane

Methane

waht is natural gas mostly made of

Natural Gas

it forms from the remains of ancient marine organisms trapped under rock layers

Natural Gas

it is used as a fuel and to make materials and chemicals

Nuclear Energy

from the fission (spliting) of atoms (usually uranium) in a nuclear reactor to produce heat, which turns water into steam to spin turbines and generate electricity

Renewable Energy

generally low pollution and carbon emissions

Renewable Energy

• Its source is from a natural ongoing process.

• Very low or zero carbon emissions (except some biomass).

• Sustainable for long-term use.

Non-renewable Energy

produces high greenhouse gases and pollution

Non-renewable Energy

• Its source is from fossil fuels or radioactive minerals.

• High carbon emissions (especially from coal, oil, and gas).

• Not sustainable over long periods of time.

Air Pollution

It is the presence of harmful or excessive quantities of substances in the air that we breathe.

Pollutants

harmful substances in the air

Pollutants

can be in the form of gases, particles, or biological molecules, and they may originate from natural sources (like volcanic eruptions or wildfires) or human activities (such as vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and burning of fossil fuels).

Traffic Conestion

further worsens emissions, causing smog and health problems like asthma and bronchitis

Wildfires

are often caused by kaingin (slash-and-burn farming) or negligence, releasing smoke, carbon monoxide, and harmful particulates that affect rural and nearby air quality

Water Pollution

is the contamination of water bodies -such as rivers, lakes, oceans, and groundwater-by harmful substances.

Water Pollution

harms aquatic life, disrupts ecosystems, and makes water unsafe for drinking, bathing, and other uses.