High School Health Final Exam

health

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

wellness

is defined as a dynamic process of becoming aware of and making conscious choices toward a more balanced and healthy lifestyle.

mental health

the way people think about and respond to events in their daily lives

Stress

the combination of a new or possibly threatening situation and your body's natural response to a situation

Stressor

anything that causes a stress response

Distress

the negative physical, mental, or emotional strain in response to a stressor

Eustress (positive stress)

the stress response that happens when winning, succeeding, and achieving

General Adaptation System

body's physiological short-term and long-term reaction to stress

Coping Strategies

behaviors that assist us in functioning better in a given situation

physiological

having to do with the functions of the human body and its systems

homeostasis

maintaining a stable internal environment in the body where normal body function balance is sustained

Physical Wellness

is the process of making choices to create flexible, cardiovascularly fit, energetic, strong bodies. The choices we make are related to exercise, nutrition, rest and sleep, intentional and responsible sexual choices, stress management, management of injury and illness, and the responsible use of alcohol and other drugs.

Social Wellness

is the process of creating and maintaining healthy relationships through the choices we make. It embraces relationships at home and work, friendships, and our relationships with all people and future generations.

Emotional Wellness

is the process of accepting our worth, creating, recognizing, and expressing our feelings, and talking to ourselves in healthy ways. Creating and maintaining a positive, realistic self-concept is also part of this process, as is realistically assessing potential and limitations.

Spiritual Wellness

is the process of discovering meaning and purpose in life, and demonstrating values through behaviors. Spiritual wellness includes acceptance of the concepts of wholeness, unity, diversity, individual uniqueness, and the need for community

Career Wellness

is the process of making and maintaining choices related to work which include choosing a job for which we are well-suited, well-trained, and from which we gain satisfaction. Career wellness also requires balancing work with the rest of your life.

Environmental Wellness

is the process of making choices which will contribute to sustaining or improving the quality of life in the universe. This dimension includes responsible choices regarding the use of air, water, land and energy so that future generations of each species may survive and thrive.

Mental Illness

a disorder that affects a person's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors

Depression

a mood disorder in which a person feels extremely sad and hopeless for at least two weeks

Counselor

a professional who helps people work through difficult problems by talking

Psychologist

a person who tries to change thoughts, feeling, and actions by finding the reasons behind them or by suggesting new ways to manage emotions

Psychiatrist

a medical doctor who specializes in illness of the brain and body that affect emotions and behavior, is legally able to prescribe medications for depression symptoms

empathy

sharing and understanding another person's feelings

Resilient

better able to deal with life's problems and struggles

Active Listening

not only hearing what someone says but also showing that you understand what the person is communicating

Nutrients

substances in food that your body needs to function properly

MyPlate

(formerly The Food Pyramid) a tool that shows you what kinds of food to eat and how much food you should eat every day

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

is the amount of daily energy expended by humans and other animals at rest

- the release, and using, of energy in this state is sufficient only for the functioning of the vital organs, the heart, lungs, nervous system, kidneys, liver, intestine, sex organs, muscles, and skin

- lean tissue in men and women requires approximately 16 calories per pound per day

Anorexia Nervosa

an eating disorder that involves self-starvation, an unhealthy body image, and extreme weight loss

Bulimia Nervosa

an eating disorder in which a person eats a large amount of food and then tries to removes the food from his or her body

Binge Eating Disorder

a disease in which a person cannot control how much he or she eats

Body Mass Index (BMI)

a calculation that can help you determine your healthy weight range

Aerobic Endurance

the time which you can exercise, without producing lactic acid (and it building up) in your muscles

- in other words stamina, the amount of time you can maintain an aerobic use of energy (oxygen)

Anaerobic Endurance

is exercise intense enough to trigger anaerobic metabolism

- it is used by athletes in non-endurance sports to promote strength, speed and power and by body builders to build muscle mass, leading to greater performance in short duration, high intensity activities, which last from mere seconds up to about 2 minutes

Cardiovascular Fitness

(also known as cardiorespiratory fitness) is the ability of the heart, lungs and vascular system to deliver oxygen-rich blood to working muscles during sustained physical activity

Muscular Strength

the amount of force a muscle or muscle group can exert against a heavy resistance

Muscular Endurance

the ability of a muscle or muscle group to repeat a movement many times or to hold a particular position for an extended period of time

Flexibility

degree to which an individual muscle will lengthen

Health Fraud

articles of unproven effectiveness that are promoted to improve health, well being or appearance

health scam

a scam distributed electronically or otherwise, to a recipient misrepresenting the truth with the aim of gaining an advantage in a fraudulent manner; many times 'scam' may be used as synonym for 'fraud'

Infomercial

a long commercial that informs or instructs, especially in an original and entertaining manner

promotional terms

promotion using words such as "scientific breakthrough," "miraculous cure," " secret ingredient" and "ancient remedy"

fancy terms

text with impressive-sounding terms such as: "hunger stimulator point" and "thermogenesis" for a weight loss product

"safe" claims

claims the product is "natural" or "non-toxic" which does not necessarily mean safe

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream

cancer

a disease in which damaged cells grow out of control and destroy healthy tissue

emphysema

a disease in which the tiny air sacs and walls of the lungs are destroyed

environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)

the mix of inhaled smoke and smoke from the end of lit cigarettes

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

group of birth defects that can affect an unborn baby that has been exposed to alcohol

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

(FDA) a government agency that controls the safety of food and drugs in the U.S.

medicine

any drug that is used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort

tolerance

a condition in which a person needs more of a drug to feel the original effects of the drug

treatment center

a facility with trained doctors and counselors where people who abuse drugs can get help for their problems

withdrawal

the way in which the body responds when a dependent person stops using a drug

accident

an unexpected event that causes injury

First Aid

emergency medical care for someone who has been hurt or who is sick

shock

the body's response to reduce blood flow

Cardiopulminary Resuscitation (CPR)

a technique used to save a victim who isn't breathing and doesn't have a heartbeat

rescue breathing

an emergency technique in which a rescuer gives air to someone who is not breathing

abdominal thrusts

actions that apply pressure to a choking person's stomach to force an object out of the throat

anaphylactic shock

is a severe allergic reaction

cardiogenic shock

occurs when the heart is severely damaged

septic shock

occurs when an overwhelming bacterial infection causes blood pressure to drop

cancer

a disease in which cells grow uncontrollably and invade and destroy healthy tissue

infectious disease

any disease that is caused by an agent that can pass from one living thing to another

bacteria

very small, single celled organisms that are found almost everywhere

antibiotic

a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria

virus

an extremely small particle that consists of an outer shell and genetic material

immune system

a place in your body made up of organs and special cells that fight infection

vaccine

a substance that is used to keep a person from getting a disease

hereditary disease

a disease caused by defective genes inherited by child from one or both parents

autoimmune disease

is a disease in which a person's immune system attacks certain cells, tissues, or organs of the body

tumor

a mass of abnormal cells

high cholesterol (levels over 200)

elevation in fat component (blood lipids) in blood.

Hypertension

High blood pressure is a condition in which the pressure against the artery walls increases when the heart beats above normal

- this can cause fat deposits to build up more quickly in the arteries

- it increases the chance an artery will burst or become blocked

Stroke (thrombosis, embolism, and hemorrhage)

a condition caused by a blocked or broken blood vessel in the brain

- with reduced blood flow, the brain does not receive oxygen

- a person loses the function of that part of the brain

- the person might be paralyzed or die

Heart Attack

the death of part of the heart muscle

- caused when blood flow to the heart is blocked

- part of the heart muscle does not get oxygen and dies

- can result in disability or death

What is the difference between distress and eustress?

Distress and eustress are both responses to change, but distress is a response to negative stress, such as the death of a loved one or failing an exam, and eustress is a response to positive stress, such as the anticipation of a first date or even watching a scary movie.

The Health Triangle

The perfect balance of the three aspects of health, mental, social, and physical.

Explain Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

humans are motivated by a number of basic needs:

1. physiological

2. safety

3. affiliation

4. esteem

5. self-actualization

first 3 are low-order and final 2 are high-order

Our basic needs start at the bottom of the pyramid at one, these are the most important needs for us to fulfill, but once those are taken care of we start focusing on the needs further up until all of them are satisfied.

Describe healthy relationships

A healthy dating relationship consists of mutual respect, trust, honesty, compromise, individuality, good communication, anger control, problem solving, understanding, self-confidence, being a role model, and fighting fair.

What are the different types of abuse and abusive relationships?

There are three types. These involve not only what most people think of as actually hurting someone (physical abuse), but also emotional/verbal and sexual abuse. Emotional/verbal abuse is when a partner attacks you with words, by spreading rumors, using put-downs, isolating you from others, making threats, and being extremely possessive. Sexual abuse is when a partner forces you into sexual activity that you don't want to be a part of, like unwanted touching, pressure to have sex, and even threatening to leave to find someone that is willing to do what they want sexually.

Explain the 5-step decision making process

1. State the problem - Consider the decision you are making and think about all the aspects of it, including how you got in this position.

2. List the possible choices - Make a list of all the choices you have in solving the problem to help identify the best one.

3. Consider the consequences and your values - Think about all of the choices you outlined in your list individually, thinking specifically about the consequences of each action and how those consequences affect your personal values.

4. Make a decision and act on it - Choose the best option and act on it after having carefully considered every choice.

5.Evaluate your decision - Reflect on what you could have done differently or how this decision helped you so that you can make better decisions in the future.

Explain the different types of depression

There are four types

Dysthymia - longer lasting, but less severe form

Major depression - more severe, short-lasting type

Bipolar disorder - involves periods of major depression mixed with periods of mania. Mania is the term for abnormally high mood and extreme bursts of unusual activity or energy.

Adjustment disorder with depressed mood - a depressive reaction to a specific life event when adjusting to the loss takes longer than the normally expected timeframe or is more severe than expected and interferes with the person's daily activities.

Define a bullying behavior

a person is picked on over and over again by an individual or group with more power, either in terms of physical strength or social standing.

Identify some warning signs for suicide

losing the desire to do things they once enjoyed, growing apart from loved ones, trouble concentrating and thinking clearly, changes in eating or sleeping habits, engaging in self-destructive behaviors, talking about death and "going away", giving away possessions, and talking about feeling hopeless or guilty.

To lose 1 pound, you need to burn how many extra calories?

3,500

How much is healthy to lose in one week?

1 to 2 pounds

How much water is needed each day?

8 glasses, or 64 ounces

Explain metabolism and what can impact the rate

A person's metabolism (scientifically referred to as "Basal Metabolic Rate" or "BMR") is the amount of energy that is used by the body just to keep it alive: to keep the heart beating, the lungs breathing, the brain constantly sending out messages, etc. The rate of your metabolism speeds up or slows down based on age and activity level. The more physically active you are, the slower your metabolism, and the older you are, the faster your metabolism gets. So as you get older it is important to stay active so that your body burns more calories and you are able to maintain your weight.

Identify diseases associated with eating

1. Anorexia Nervosa - an eating disorder that involves self-starvation, an unhealthy body image, and extreme weight loss

2. Bulimia Nervosa - an eating disorder in which a person eats a large amount of food and then tries to removes the food from his or her body

3. Binge Eating - a disease in which a person cannot control how much he or she eats

Explain MyPlate

MyPlate is a replacement for the food pyramid that balances out the five food groups that we should be eating at every meal. Serving sizes for each group are different, though. Fruits and vegetables should take up half of the plate, grains and proteins each get a quarter, and dairy should be a smaller amount, represented by where a cup would go on a place setting.

Food comes in 3 major categories: Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats.

For each identify healthy forms, where they are found in food, and caloric values.

Carbohydrates - A healthy form of carbohydrates is fiber, a complex carb found in plants that is vital to the health of the digestive system, as it keeps waste from accumulating in the colon. Carbs are found in fruit, nuts, bread, rice, beans, and potatoes. There are four calories in every gram of carbohydrates.

Proteins - Both forms of proteins, complete (animal proteins) and incomplete (plant proteins), are healthy. Proteins provide us with amino acids that are essential to our body because they are what form our body tissue. Of the 20 amino acids, we must get 9 of them from the food we eat. Complete proteins - meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products - provide us with all nine, while incomplete proteins - legumes, grains, vegetables, fruits - often do not provide us with all the necessary amino acids unless you eat a combination of legumes and grains.

Fats - A healthy form of fats are unsaturated fats, which are normally liquid at room temperature and include olive oil, vegetable oil, and foods like nuts and seeds. When consumed as part of a healthy, balanced diet, unsaturated fats can help fight heart disease.

What is the role of the FDA (Food & Drug Administration)?

an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services whose principal purpose is to enforce the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. The agency ensures that foods for sale in the United States are safe, pure, and wholesome; that drugs and therapeutic devices are safe and effective; that cosmetics are harmless; and that all these products are correctly labeled and packaged. The FDA is also responsible for enforcing the federal act that requires informative labels on any household product that is toxic, corrosive, irritant, or inflammable or generates pressure through decomposition or heat.

What factors influence a person's buying habits?

Advertising, price, peer influence, and celebrity endorsement are all huge influences in our buying habits.

What are your rights as a consumer?

- the Right to Safety.

- the Right to be Informed.

- the Right to Choose.

- the Right to be Heard.

Identify some common advertising scams and the red flags to look for

Satisfaction guaranteed, one product does it all, personal testimonies, quick fix, "natural", so called groundbreaking new products, easy weight loss, confusing medical jargon. All of these are suspicious red flags to look for, as they are common advertising strategies used to make products seem better than they actually are. If it seems too good to be true, it probably is.

How can a school's nutritional programs play a role in a student's life?

Schools play a critical role in promoting the health and safety of young people and helping them establish lifelong healthy behavior patterns, and establishing healthy behaviors during childhood is easier and more effective than trying to change unhealthy behaviors during adulthood, so school nutritional programs are helping form a healthier generation.

Identify some factors that the home, school and community do to promote healthy living in adolescents.

The school plays a big part in promoting healthy living in adolescents because that is where they spend the majority of their time. By providing healthy nutritional programs, health services, physical education, and a safe and healthy environment, schools are helping build good habits in children from a young age to help them be healthy throughout their lives. The home promotes healthy living in adolescents through family members and parents, as they can choose to surround the children in the home with positive healthy choices, including healthy eating and physical activity and encouraging these practices rather than shaming them. Finally, the community can play a role in promoting healthy living in adolescents by supporting businesses that help adolescents be healthy, like hospitals, parks, and healthy grocery stores. A surrounding environment that strongly promotes good health will benefit adolescents and make a big impact that they can carry with them throughout their lives.

What are the risks of anabolic steroids?

causes mood swings and abnormally violent and aggressive behavior. Other side effects include high blood pressure, growth of body hair and facial hair.