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DNA
A molecule that carries genetic information, structured as a double helix.
Chromosomes
Condensed strands of DNA and stabilizing proteins found in the cell nucleus.
Genes
Units of heredity that code for specific proteins.
Allele
A variation of a gene.
Structure of DNA
Composed of two strands wrapped around each other, forming a double helix.
Nucleotides
Monomers that make up DNA, consisting of sugar, phosphate, and a base.
Bases
Four types in DNA—Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).
Base pairing
A pairs with T, and C pairs with G in the DNA structure.
Sugar-phosphate backbone
The long chain formed by the bonding of phosphate to sugar in DNA.
Homologous chromosomes
Pairs of chromosomes that contain the same collection of genes but may have different alleles.
Diploid
Organisms, like humans, that have two sets of chromosomes (23 pairs).
Heterozygous
Having different alleles for a gene (e.g., blue eyes from one parent and brown from another).
Homozygous
Having identical alleles for a gene (e.g., blue eyes from both parents).
Locus
The specific position of a gene on a chromosome.
Note 
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