CSS

Router GUI

- It serves as the gateway to control network configurations, security settings, and other advanced features

• It allows users to configure or manipulate IP Addresses

Graphical User Interface

meaning of GUI

Default Gateway

is the IP address of your router on your local network.

IP Address

- is a unique number consisting of 32 bits, assigned to a computer or any device connected to a network.

• *It acts like a home address for devices, allowing them to send and receive data over the internet or a local network

Internet Protocol Address

IP address means

32 bits

how many bits does IP address have

Modem

• It is capable of providing internet connection to one device only if it doesn’t have a router

• is a device that connects your home to the internet

• Is usually wired but can also be wireless

• connects to internet

modulator-demodulator

modem means

Router

is capable of providing internet connection to a minimum of 4 computers 

• Can be used with switches and hubs for faster, more efficient network

• Can be both wireless or wired 

• Distributes internet to multiple devices

Computer Network

a set or collection of computers that are connected for the purpose of sharing information, resources, and devices

• computing devices are often connected via wire or wireless connection

stand alone computer

a computer not connected to a network is also called as

Computer Network Communication

computers transmit data and information through the use of signals (analog and digital signals)

digital signal

• computers communicate via

communication

the act of transmitting message, data, or information from one computing device to another

• The interaction of 2 computers connected to a single router 

to share information

What is the use of computer networks

• crucial to build communication

File Sharing

• One of the main uses of computer networks 

• computers connected to a network will have access to files and folders of other computers without the use of flash drives and other secondary storage devices

Printer and Peripherals Sharing

• sending of digital information/ file lo printers and other peripherals to perform a task is one of the most common uses of computer network

Sharing Internet Connection

• Internet sharing is now possible through wired and wireless networks

• multiple computers can connect to internet through computer network

Local Area Network

this is a type of computer network that provides network to a small geographical area

• Example:     CEIS Wi-Fi

Metropolitan Area Network

this is a type of computer network that spans a larger area, such as an entire state, region, or country

• used to describe a public or private network that attempts to provide connectivity that covers an entire metropolitan area 

• owned, managed, and controlled by collective or distributive ownership and
  management

* Covers a city or large town

Wide Area Network

the largest network of all types

• is essentially a network of networks

• is a group of LAN and MAN or other types of network

* Covers multiple cities, countries, or the world

Internet Service Provider

companies that provide internet access to homes and businesses.

• Example:      Globe 

          PLDT

          Converge

          Streamtech

• These examples are all connected to a single ISP

2019

the year when PLDT went down for a month

Hong Kong

PLDT is connected to the WAN of what country

Network Architecture

• It is synonymous to the word framework

Framework

it generally refers to a supporting structure or a set of rules, ideas, or beliefs used as a basis for something else, like a plan, system, or organization.

it is the foundation or the backbone of network

Example:   

• Software Framework

•  Conceptual Framework

•   Business Framework

• Academic Framework

Network Architecture

The design of a computer network.

• It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used.

* it shows the procedure or the process of network

Client-Server Network Architecture

1. distributed communications architecture in which a centralized server receives and responds to requests for services and data from multiple clients

* it is centralized and has limited access for clients

* access of information is filtered and needs permission from the admin

Peer to Peer Network Architecture

1. consists of a decentralized network of peers - nodes that are both clients and servers

• It distributes the workload between peers, and all peers contribute and consume resources within the network without the need for a centralized server.

* every computer serves as a server and a client

* clients have access in every file in each of the computers

* best used in residentials, computer shops

Hybrid Network Architecture

it is a network that is a combination of client-server and peer-to-peer

Physical and Logical Layout, Hardware and Software Components, Communication Protocols and Network Topology 

KEY ASPECTS OF NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 

Physical Layout

Location of servers, routers, switches, and other hardware.

• Type and arrangement of cables

• Placement of racks and cabinets in a data center.

• Physical ports and connections. (saang port nakasaksak)

• Tangible structure

• Physical connectors (router, wireless router, hub, switch, RJ45)

Logical Layout

a conceptual representation of the network's structure, including protocols, configurations, and routing, to ensure efficient and reliable data transmission 

• Examples:  IP address, Subnet Mask, LAN, WLAN, VLAN, MAC Address, and Configurations

* this is the non-tangible components of your network

LAN IP address

used to identify and communicate with devices on the same local area network

it is a network identifier used to indicate that you are connected to a single network only (all devices connected have identical addresses)
The IP address assigned to devices inside a local network (LAN).
* Used only within a private network (home, office, etc.).

Default Gateway

* the IP address of a router that connects your local network (LAN) to external networks, including the internet. It acts as a bridge between your devices and the outside world.

the router's IP address

WLAN IP address

a type of LAN that uses wireless technology (like Wi-Fi) to connect devices

* are just normal local IP addresses given to devices connected to a Wi-Fi network.

VLAN IP address

logical segmentation of a physical LAN, creating multiple virtual networks on the same physical infrastructure

• Uses both wireless and wired

* used to organize and separate devices within the same network for security and control.

Wireless Local Area Network

WLAN meaning

Wired Local Area Network

LAN meaning (wired)

Subnet Mask

serves as a "filter” that helps determine which part of an IP address is the network ID and which is the host ID

• it allows for more efficient network management and routing by dividing large networks into smaller, more manageable subnets.

255

subnet mask only goes up to

IP address

• It is used to connect routers 

• Software address 

8 bits binary

IP address is consist of how many bits

Mac Address

* it consists of both letters and numbers 

Hardware Address
Your device’s permanent identity inside a network

48 bits

mac address is consist of how many bits

12 hexadecimal characters

how many characters

network interface controller

it is assigned to what

Network Interface Card

is a hardware component that lets a computer or device connect to a network (LAN, WLAN, or the internet)

IPConfig/all

used to see the full detail of addresses

Bus Topology

is a network setup where all devices are connected to a single central cable called the "bus" or "backbone".

• Data travels in both directions along the bus, and all devices receive the signal, but only the intended device processes it.

• client server

Ring Topology

 a network configuration where device connections create a closed circular data path

• also known as "circular topology."

• devices in this topology are called "ring networks.”

• peer to peer

Star Topology

Devices connect to a central hub (router or switch).

• network setup where all devices are connected to a central device

• client server

Mesh Network Topology

it is a network in which devices or nodes are linked together, branching off other devices or nodes

• networks are set up to efficiently route data between devices and clients

• they help organizations provide a consistent connection throughout a physical space

• can be Peer-to-Peer (decentralized) or Client-Server (centralized)

Partial Mesh Topology

1. network setup where some devices are fully connected (like in full mesh), while others are only connected to a few devices

Logical Topology

refers to how data flows through a network, regardless of how the devices are physically connected.

• focuses on data flow, communication methods, and how devices interact rather than the actual wiring.

Deterministic Topology

Type of Logical Topology that is an algorithm whose behavior is completely determined by its inputs and the sequence of its instructions. For a particular input, the computer will give always the same output

* one instruction, one output

* can solve polynomials

Non Deterministic Topology

Type of logical topology that is an algorithm in which the outcome cannot be predicted with certainty, even if the inputs are known. For a particular input the computer will give different outputs on different execution.

* produces random different outputs

Windows Server R2 2008

is the eighth version of the Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft and released as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.

Windows Server 7

windows server r2 2008 is also known as

Network Interface Card

needed by device to connect to network

virtualization

vm

virtual machines

vm means

unidentified

hindi gagana/hindi makakapag-communicate, that’s why we use static IP addresss

oobe

command to use to change initial configuration