The Great War A-F

WW1

- The Great War (1914-1918)

Causes

- Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Alliances

Nationalisim

- Pride or love of ones nation

Nations in Europe wanted to go to war to show that they were suporior

Imperialism

- One nation dominates over another nation

; caused competition in Europe over land in Africa and Asia

Milatarism

- Glorification of military and readiness for war

Aliances

- Central Powers vs. Allies

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Allies

- Russia, Britain, France

Aliances Signifigance

- Divided Europe into 2 armed camps- and a series of events led to war

June 28, 1914

- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - Heir Austrian thrown

Gavrillo Princip

- Assassin; Memeber of nationalist group in Serbia

United States

- Neutral First 3 years

Woodrow Wilson - Preparedness

The idea that the US would stay out of war but, be ready to help England if they faced major crisis

Propaganda

- Posters, stories, and ads' used to influence public opinion

- Druring the war was mostly Anti-German

International Law

- Rules for War

1. Ships at war must warn neutral ships before firing

2. Ships at war had the right to inspect neutral ships

3. Neutral Nations had to trade equally with both sides

Contraband

- Weapons or Supplies sent by a Neutral Nation to a Nation at War

Germany

: Used U-Boats

- Wilson called is constricted submarine warfare

Lusitania (1915)

- British Ship that was sunk by Germany

; Passenger Ship: 1,198 died 128 were Americans

Wilson warned Germany that ___

- Continued use of subs would lead the US to join the war

1916

- Wilson was re-elected with the slogan...

"He Kept Us Out of War"

1917

- Stalemate

Many losses but, neither side was winning

Zimmerman Telegram (1917)

- Sent by Germany to Mexico asking them to join the Central Powers

- Germany promised Mexico, Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico

- Intercepted by England, sent to the US

Wilson Quotes

1. "The world must be made safe for democracy."

2. "This will be a war to end all wars."

3. "We will achieve peace without victory."

April 6, 1917

- US declares war on Germany, and entered on the Allies side

War Effort - Selective Service Act

- First ever US draft: All men 21-30 had to register; 3 million drafted

War Industries Board

- In charge of all war related production

Food Administration

- In charge of rationing; giving out food

Food Administration encouraged...

Victory Gardens

Victory Gardens

- People planted fruits and vegies at home

Fuel Administration

In charge of saving gas and energy for the war

- Daylight savings time began, to save energy

Women began to get...

- Factory jobs left by men; 35,000 had non-combat military jobs:

- Nurses

- Drivers

- Phone Operators

500,000 African Americans

- Moved North during the war for better job opportunities

350,000 joined the military as:

- Troops

- Cooks

- Laborers

Wilson Politics

- Overman Act

- N.W.L.B

- Committee on Public Information

- Espionage and Sedition Acts

Overman Act

- Gave the President more power and control during the war

He could:

- Reorganize Gov.

- Pass Laws

- Spend Money

- Add Troops

N.W.L.B

National War Labor Board

- Settled disputes between business and workers to make sure production went smoothly

Committee on Public Information

- In charge of selling the war to the people so they would support the war effort

Espionage and Sedition Acts

- Gave the President the power of censorship

; Those who spoke badly about the President, Gov, or the War will be arrested

US at War - New Tech

- Grenades

- Machine Guns

- Air Planes

- Poisend Gass

American Expeditionary Force

- The main unit of US troops that faught against Germany in France on the Western Front

General John Pershing

- Leader of A.E.F

Harlem Hell Fighters

- Members of the NY National Guard and 1st African American Military Unit

; Spent more time in combat than other troops & helped defeat Germany

Sargent Henry Johnson

- Leader of Harlem Hell Fighters

Chateau-Thierry

- Battle in which the US and the allies stopped Germany's advance in Paris

2nd Battle of the Marne

Germany's last offensive, but they lost and began to be forced out of France

November 11, 1918 - Armistices

- Agreement to stop fighting until a treaty is signed

- WW1 Ends

Postwar - 14 Points

- Wilsons plans for peace in the world after the war

14 Points Goals

1. Abolished Secret Diplomacy

2. Restore Freedom of the seas

3. Form a League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles

- Allies treaty with Germany that held them responsible for the war

Treaty of Versailles: Allies

- Wanted revenge on Germany

Treaty of Versailles: Wilson

- Wanted Justice and Peace

The Allies found him annoying and rejected many of his points

- Wilson left the treaty unhappy

League of Nations

- World organization formed to prevent conflicts and solve world problems

League of Nations: Wilson

- Proposed the League and urged the people to support the US joining

League of Nations: H.C Lodge

- Outspoken against the League and led other senators against Wilson

League of Nations: American People

- Rejected the League, because they were afraid the US would have to get involved with future European