Introduction the metric system

Exam #1

What were the two changes that happened throughout human history?

Rate and Environment

What 2 phenomena were always observed in early history?

Sunrise and sunset

What phenomena were seen as omens?

Falling star: Good luck, Birthmark

Who was the first person of our time to study nature in a systemic fashion?

Aristotle

How were the 16th century scientists different from those before them?

They looked for relationships more than final results & used experimentation

List the models for ways of thinking

Psychology: behavioral

Biology: study of living things

Physical Science: study of physics, chemistry, meteorology, geology, weather

List the major schemes (categories) for science:

Biology, zoology, botany, etc

What is the main product of science?

Knowledge

What are tentative explanations subject to testing & revision

Theories, Conceptual themes

Give the hierarchy for biology:

Biology: molecular units, cellular units, tissues, organs, systems, organisms

Physical Science: Macroscopic: fundamental particles, molecules, Ions, aggregates heavenly bodies, solar systems, galaxies, galactic clusters, universe

T or F The behavior of all matter can be statistically analyzed

true

All interacting units of matter approach a state of equilibrium in which the energy distribution is most_________________

Random

The sum of available matter & energy in the universe is ?

Constant

Energy flows from _____________to_____________.

Hot to cold

_________________is a type of energy

Motion

List the states of matter:

Solids (includes glasses), liquids, gases, plasma

Science is based on __________ ____ _____________It is not______________

Laws of nature erratic

______________is a result of the motion of particles exerted by a gas

Pressure

All matter exists in _______________& ____________________

Time & space

Scientific observations are based upon samples that are available to (blank)

Public investigation

Scientific Inquiry is ________________

Piecemeal

science will never be a (blank) (blank)

Finished enterprise

Quantitve measurements are important. Therefore ________________must be mad______ is necessary

Checks, accuracy

List the steps of the scientific method

Recognize & identify a problem using observations in the physical world

make a hypothesis

Predict results

Devise & perform experiments

Draw a conclusion

Theories are developed from _____________& ____________

Accumulated, interpreted

Theories are not__________

fixed

Chance favors _____________

Prepared mind

List some “accidents” that were the result of a “prepared” mind:

Vacuum tube, laser. Transistor, X-Ray, Penicillin

_______ seeks knowledge for the sake of knowledge

science

_____ serves practical problems is concerned with human comfort, safety, and well being

Technology

List the 2 main divisions of science

Biology & Physical Science

What is the study of celestial bodies, their size, motion & structure, is mostly unknowns

Astrology

________ is the study of the composition of matter & is properties

Chemistry

______ deals with the science of the earth, most varied; examines soils, rocks & ocean floors

Geology

is the science of weather

metrology

(blank) is the central topic of the physical sciences; employs logic mathematics; provides basic explanations used in all natural sciences, concerned with the laws of nature; the most fundamental aspects of matter & energy; major divisions

Physics

is a quantity that must be specified by both magnitude& direction

Vector

List 4 examples of vectors

Force, Acceleration, Momentum, Velocity

How are vectors represented?

By an arrow

is the sum of component vectors

Resultant Vector

if 2 forces oppose each other, the resultant force is equal to the__ of the 2 vectors & in the direction of the ____ component

difference; larger component

If 2 forces at on the same body, but not along the same line, the resultant is determined by applying ___

Rule of vector addition

When 3 or more forces act on one body, & it remains in equilibrium, the resultant of the 3 forces must equal:

zero

List 5 measuring devices

Clocks, rulers, scales, speedometers, pressure gauge

List 5 examples of scalars

Speed. Area, time, distance, volume, mass

do not have any reference to direction.

Scalars

Measurements include a and a__

Quantity and description (Numbers and units)

The name for the international system of measurements is

Metric system

Length

meter m

Mass

Gram g

Time

Second s or sec

Temperature

Centigrade C or K

Volume

Liter l

Electric current

Amp A

Amount of substance

Mole mol

Tera

T 1 trillion

Giga

G 1 billion

mega

M 1 million

Kilo

K 1 thousand

deci

d (1/10)

centi

c (1/100)

milli

m (1/1000)

nano

n (1/billionth)

mirco

u (1/millionth)

pico

p (1/trillionth)

SI rules specify that symbols are not followed by,___ nor are they changed to the:

periods plural

is the natural standard based on the wavelength of light emitted by the krypton atom

meter

Give the formulas for converting Fahrenheit to Centigrade to Kelvin

F=9/5 c+32, C=5/9(f-32), K=C+273