Cell Growth and Division Flashcards

Flashcards covering cell growth, division, and mitosis.

DNA

The larger a cell becomes, the more demands it places on its .

wastes

If a cell grows too large, it will have trouble moving enough nutrients and across the cell membrane.

chromosomes

DNA is packaged into .

DNA

A chromosome consists of one very long linear molecule consisting of 1000's of genes.

DNA

As the cell grows too large, the cell's cannot meet the needs of the cell.

oxygen

A cell must constantly take in food, , and water across the membrane.

volume

As the cell grows, the of the cell increases more rapidly than the surface area of the cell membrane.

surface area-to-volume

The size of a cell is limited by its ratio.

2

Before becoming too large, a growing cell divides into cells.

daughter

Cell division is the process by which cellular material is divided between two new cells.

daughter

One mother cell divides to form two cells.

chromosomes

Before cell division begins, the cell makes a copy of all of its (DNA).

chromosomes

Each daughter cell will get one complete set of .

increased

Each daughter cell has an surface area to volume ratio.

DNA

The contains the coded genetic information of the cell.

46

Human cells contain 23 pairs or chromosomes per cell.

Cytokinesis

Cell division occurs in two main stages: Mitosis and .

chromosomes

At the beginning of cell division, the condense into compact, visible structures.

sister chromatids

At the beginning of cell division, each chromosome consists of two identical "."

series

The cell cycle is the of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.

daughter

During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two cells.

Cytokinesis

The cycle consists of five major phases: G1, S, G2, Mitosis and .

interphase

G1, S, and G2 phases are collectively known as .

G2

The cell assembles the special structures needed for cell division during the phase.

interphase

Of the cell cycle, accounts for 90% of the time.

centrioles

Outside of the nucleus are two .

microtubules

The function of centrioles is to organize into a spindle.

centrioles

Plant cells do not contain , but still organize microtubules to form a spindle.

G1

During the phase, the cell doubles in size, and the enzymes, cytoplasmic organelles and other molecules double in number.

Telophase

The events of mitosis are divided into four stages or phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and .

chromosomes

During early prophase, the coil and thicken and become distinct from one another.

fragments

During late prophase, the nuclear membrane .

center

During metaphase, the chromosomes line up at the of the cell.

centromeres

During anaphase, the divide, and the chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.

telophase

The cell begins to pinch in during which is called the cleavage furrow.

Cytokinesis

is the division of the cytoplasm.

cleavage furrow

In animal cells, a pinches the cell membrane inward until the cell is pinched into two separate cells.

cell plate

In plants, a forms midway between the two nuclei.

identical

The two daughter cells produced from mitosis are to each other and identical to the mother cell.

asexual

In unicellular organisms, mitosis results in new offspring by reproduction.

growth, repair

In multicellular organisms, mitosis results in the and of the organism.

duplicates

The two new cells produced in mitosis are exact .

type

The frequency of cell division varies with the of cell.

not

When cells come into contact with other cells, they respond by growing.

proteins

There are many found on the inside and the outside of the cell that regulate cell division.

M

The three major checkpoints in the cell cycle are found in the G1, G2, and phases.