biology term three

types of neurons

sensory, motor, interneurons

Define homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment regardless of outside factors

purpose of circulatory system

transport materials around the body

purpose of respiratory system

to bring oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide

purpose of digestive system

to get nutrients from food for energy and to build body

purpose of excretory system

remove waste from the body

neurons

nerve cells

central nervous system

consists of the brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

function of the nervous system

controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli

Parts of a neuron

cell body, dendrites, axon

function of motor neuron

delivers message brain or spinal cord to the muscles and organs

function of interneuron

connect sensory and motor neurons

function of sensory neuron

picks up stimuli and converts it to a nerve impulse

thyroid function

regulates metabolism

pancreas function

releases digestive enzymes and regulates blood glucose

ovaries function

production of eggs

testes function

produce sperm and testosterone

hypothalamus function

homeostasis

pituitary gland

master gland

role of endocrine glands in homeostasis

role of endocrine glands in homeostasis

main types of disease-causing organisms

Viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi, parasites

example of viruses

flu, common cold, covid

example of bacteria

tetanus, cholera, salmonella

example of protist

amoebic dysentry, malaria

example of fungi

ringworm, thrush, athletes foot

central nervous system function

relays messages, processes information, and analyzes information

peripheral nervous system function

communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body

Stimuli

Changes in the environment

Receptor

detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response

sense organ

Organ that contains receptor cells.

Effector

an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.

response

a reaction to a stimulus

three lines of defence

the skin, the blood, the lymphatic system

explain the first line of defence.

skin (physical barrier), mucus (traps foreign particles), tears/sweat (wash away dirt + dust), saliva, stomach acid (kills pathogens before they reach the intestine)

explain the second line of defence.

inflammatory response (swelling, redness, fever, pain due to histamine), macrophages (engulfs and digests pathogen)

Explain the third line of defense

attacks specific pathogens using lymphocytes. cell mediated 'T' (cytotoxic cells and t helper cells cause infected cells to self-destruct and activate macrophages and other cells) and Humoral 'B' (clump specific pathogens to help macrophages and produces antibodies)

memory T and B cells

remembers how to make antibodies. Antibodies remain in the body, providing immunity.

ways in which some diseases are treated and controlled

exercise, good nutrition, quarantine, clean and cover wounds

adrenal gland

located on top of kidneys, produces hormones, regulates metabolism

parts of the brain

cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla

cerebrum function

controls conscious thoughts, voluntary movement, language, reason and perception

cerebellum function

controls coordination and balance

medulla function

controls vital body functions, breathing, blood pressure, heart rate

examples of diseases caused by pituitary gland

gigantism, dwarfism

examples of diseases caused by thyroid gland

hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism

examples of diseases caused by pancreas

diabetes

examples of diseases caused by ovaries

ovarian cancer, ovarian cysts

examples of diseases caused by testes

testicular cancer, testicular torsion

cerebellum

small part of brain

cerebrum

large part of brain

parasymapthetic nervous system

responsible for rest and relaxation acts (digestion, etc.)

sympathetic nervous system

responsible for fight or flight response

somatic nervous system

responsible for voluntary movement