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types of neurons
sensory, motor, interneurons
Define homeostasis
Maintaining a stable internal environment regardless of outside factors
purpose of circulatory system
transport materials around the body
purpose of respiratory system
to bring oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide
purpose of digestive system
to get nutrients from food for energy and to build body
purpose of excretory system
remove waste from the body
neurons
nerve cells
central nervous system
consists of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
function of the nervous system
controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli
Parts of a neuron
cell body, dendrites, axon
function of motor neuron
delivers message brain or spinal cord to the muscles and organs
function of interneuron
connect sensory and motor neurons
function of sensory neuron
picks up stimuli and converts it to a nerve impulse
thyroid function
regulates metabolism
pancreas function
releases digestive enzymes and regulates blood glucose
ovaries function
production of eggs
testes function
produce sperm and testosterone
hypothalamus function
homeostasis
pituitary gland
master gland
role of endocrine glands in homeostasis
role of endocrine glands in homeostasis
main types of disease-causing organisms
Viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi, parasites
example of viruses
flu, common cold, covid
example of bacteria
tetanus, cholera, salmonella
example of protist
amoebic dysentry, malaria
example of fungi
ringworm, thrush, athletes foot
central nervous system function
relays messages, processes information, and analyzes information
peripheral nervous system function
communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body
Stimuli
Changes in the environment
Receptor
detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response
sense organ
Organ that contains receptor cells.
Effector
an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.
response
a reaction to a stimulus
three lines of defence
the skin, the blood, the lymphatic system
explain the first line of defence.
skin (physical barrier), mucus (traps foreign particles), tears/sweat (wash away dirt + dust), saliva, stomach acid (kills pathogens before they reach the intestine)
explain the second line of defence.
inflammatory response (swelling, redness, fever, pain due to histamine), macrophages (engulfs and digests pathogen)
Explain the third line of defense
attacks specific pathogens using lymphocytes. cell mediated 'T' (cytotoxic cells and t helper cells cause infected cells to self-destruct and activate macrophages and other cells) and Humoral 'B' (clump specific pathogens to help macrophages and produces antibodies)
memory T and B cells
remembers how to make antibodies. Antibodies remain in the body, providing immunity.
ways in which some diseases are treated and controlled
exercise, good nutrition, quarantine, clean and cover wounds
adrenal gland
located on top of kidneys, produces hormones, regulates metabolism
parts of the brain
cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla
cerebrum function
controls conscious thoughts, voluntary movement, language, reason and perception
cerebellum function
controls coordination and balance
medulla function
controls vital body functions, breathing, blood pressure, heart rate
examples of diseases caused by pituitary gland
gigantism, dwarfism
examples of diseases caused by thyroid gland
hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism
examples of diseases caused by pancreas
diabetes
examples of diseases caused by ovaries
ovarian cancer, ovarian cysts
examples of diseases caused by testes
testicular cancer, testicular torsion
cerebellum
small part of brain
cerebrum
large part of brain
parasymapthetic nervous system
responsible for rest and relaxation acts (digestion, etc.)
sympathetic nervous system
responsible for fight or flight response
somatic nervous system
responsible for voluntary movement
Note 
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