APUSH Terms Periods 1-2

Anne Hutchinson

American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643)

Atlantic World

Interactions among the peoples/empires bordering the Atlantic Ocean rim from the 1450s on

Bacon's Rebellion

A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attemp to gain more land

Christopher Columbus

He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India

City Upon a Hill

Said by Winthrop; refers to the idea that Puritan colonists emigrating to the New World were part of a special pact with God to create a holy community: a model society to the world/moral commonwealth

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages

Conquistadores

Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World; they were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory

Encomienda system

A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery

Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions

Great Awakening

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established

Headright system

The Virginia Company's system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land

Indentured Servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas); he discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony

John Winthrop

Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony; speaker of "City upon a hill"

King Philip's War

1675, longest and bloodiest conflict between settlers and natives in 17th century, native Wampanoags under KIng Phillip ( Indian Chieftain) resisted England encroachment on their land, they killed many settlers in Mass, English joined with Mohawks to defeat them

Maize

An early form of corn grown by Native Americans

Maryland Act of Toleration (1649)

Ordered by Lord Baltimore after a Protestant was made governor of Maryland at the demand of the colony's large Protestant population; the act guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians

Mayflower Compact

1620, the first agreement for self-government in America; it was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Navigation Acts

Acts passed in 1660 passed by British parliament to increase colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade; limited goods that were exported to colonies; caused great resentment in American colonies

Pequot War (1637)

Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers teamed with Narragansett allies to set the main Pequot village afire and kill 500 Pequots

Pueblo Revolt

Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt

Roger Williams

He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State; he believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs

Royal African Company

English joint-stock company that enjoyed a state-granted monopoly on the colonial slave trade from 1672 until 1698.; the supply of slaves to the North American colonies rose sharply once the company lost its monopoly privileges

Salem Witch Trials

1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and stress

Separatists

English Protestants who would not accept allegiance in any form to the Church of England; included the Pilgrims and Quakers

Society of Friends

Also known as Quakers, founded by Margaret Fell and George Fox, name came from shaking at the name of the Lord, rejected predestination and original sin, believed that all could achieve salvation, women held positions in the church

St. Augustine, Florida

1598, French Protestants (Huguenots) went to the New World to freely practice their religion, and they formed a colony near modern-day St. Augustine, Florida; Spain, which oversaw Florida reacted violently to the Huguenots because they were trespassers and because they were viewed as heretics by the Catholic Church; Spain sent a force to the settlement and massacred the fort's inhabitants; the settlement at St. Augustine, Florida, is considered to be the first permanent European settlement in what would become the United States

Stono Rebellion (1739)

South Carolina slave revolt that prompted the colonies to pass stricter laws regulating the movement of slaves and the capture of runaways

Triangular Trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)

First representative assembly in the American colonies.; representatives immediately began to enact laws and to safeguard the individual rights; setting precedent in the colonies for individual rights protected by law (British law did not provide for individual rights)

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution