trans transmitted dse

HBsAg

o Anti-HBc

o Anti-HCV

o Anti-HIV 1/2

o Anti-HTLV-I/II

o Syphilis

Once donor passes the medical screen and donor

questionnaire, required serologic testing is

performed.

HBV DNA

o HIV-I RNA

o HCV RNA

o WNV RNA

o ZIKV RNA

Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) is performed for:

PCR

o Western Blot

o Radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA)

Confirmatory tests include:

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver.

Jaundice

o Dark urine

o Hepatomegaly

o Anorexia

o Malaise

o Fever

o Nausea

o Abdominal pain

o Vomiting

symptoms of hepatitis

Viruses

o Bacteria

o Noninfectious agents

• Drugs and alcohol

  ▪ Ionizing radiation

  ▪ Autoimmune processes

hepatitis Can be caused by:

EBV, CMV, parvovirus, and HSV.

hepatitis Can be caused by:

fecal-oral route or

parenterally.

hepatitis Can be transmitted through

HEPATITIS A

also known as Infectious hepatitis”

in hepa A

in hepa B

HBV DNA

First marker to appear before HBsAg

reach detectable levels.

HBeAg

Appears after HBsAg

HBeAg

Disappears before HBsAg (in recovering

patients)

HBeAg

Remains elevated in patients with chronic

hepatitis.

HBeAg

Present during the time of active

replication of the viru

HBeAg

Considered as marker of high

infectivity.

IgM anti-HBc

First antibody to appear

IgM anti-HBc

Presence of this will indicate current or

recent acute infection.

HEPATITIS D

Defective single-stranded RNA virus found in

patients with HBV infection

delta antigen”

HEPATITIS D prev known as

HEPATITIS D

Higher risk of fulminant hepatitis

HEPATITIS D

Lesser risk of developing chronic hepatitis.

IgM or IgG anti-HDV

or HDAg and HDV RNA in the serum.

HDV is detected by testing for

Calciviridae

HEV is a member of ___ family.

HEPATITIS E

Leading cause of hepatitis in UK.

Fecal-oral route

Most common form of transmission for

G1 and G2.

Foodborne

Most common form of transmission for

G3 and G4.

Ribavirin

Used to effectively treat chronic

HEV.

HIV 1 & 2

Etiologic agents for AIDS.

HIV 1 & 2

retrovirus, spherical in shape.

Envelope

▪ Made up of glycoproteins

o Core

▪ Made up of proteins

o Inner core

▪ Made up of viral RNA and

reverse transcriptase.

HIV 1 & 2 consist of

in hiv 1 and 2

HTLV-I and II

Both are RNA viruses.

HTLV-I

Causes T-cell proliferation with persistent

infection.

HTLV-I

The first retrovirus to be associated with

human disease.

adult T-cell

lymphoma/leukemia (ATL)

HTLV-I is associated with

HTLV-associated myelopathy or

▪ Tropical spastic paraparesis

(HAM/TSP)

what are the Associated with progressive neurological

disorder of htlv 1?

breastfeeding; sexually; and parenterally

(blood transfusion)

htlv 1 is Transmitted vertically through

WEST NILE VIRUS

A member of Japanese encephalitis virus antigenic

complex.

Cytomegalovirus

• Epstein-Barr Virus

• Parvovirus B19

• Human Herpesvirus 6 and 8

Other Viruses

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)

• Dengue Virus (DENV)

• Ebola virus

Emerging Viruses

Platelets

Most frequent source of septic

transfusion reactions

▪ Room temperature storage

promotes bacterial growth

Bacterial Contamination

Morbidity and mortality rates are high.

Rigors

o Fever

o Tachycardia

Signs and symptoms of transfusion-associated

sepsis:

Bacterial Contamination

Most common risk of infection due to transfusion

of blood.

S. epidermidis

o S. aureus

Most common bacterial contaminants:

Yersinia enterolitica

Most common isolate found in RBC units,

followed by Pseudomonas

Treponema pallidum

Syphilis is Caused by

sexual contact

blood transfusion

syphilis is Spread through ______; can be transmitted

through ______

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

One of the transmissible spongiform

encephalopathies.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Rare disease characterized by fatal

neurodegeneration resulting to sponge-like lesions

of the brain

PRION

Causative agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

PRION

Self-replicating protein

Heat inactivation

The first pathogen inactivation method

used.

Heat inactivation

s been used to treat albumin

PSORALEN

in Cellular components

• Pathogen inactivation method includes the use of

____ activated by UV light.

Plasma Derivatives

Cellular components

what are the two pathogenninactivation