AH 2001 chapter 8

sensory receptor

sensory nerve ending or a specialized structure associated with a sensory nerve that responds to a stimulus

Tactile

pertaining to the sense of touch

Proprioception

awareness of body position

Gustation

sense of taste

Olfaction

sense of smell

Hearing

sense or perception of sound

Equilibrium

A state of balance

Vision

the ability to see

~esthesia

sensation

~algesia

pain

~osmia

sense of smell

~geusia

sense of taste

Pinna

the visible part of the ear

external auditory canal

transmits sound waves from the pinna to the tympanic membrane of the middle ear

tympanic membrane

The eardrum. A structure that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves.

cerumen

ear wax; helps prevent infection

Ossicles

three tiny bones in the middle ear

malleus

hammer; first of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

incus

anvil; middle of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

stapes

stirrup; last of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

auditory tube

connects the middle ear the nasopharynx and serves to equalize pressure between the outer ear and middle ear

Labyrinth

The inner ear, named for its complex structure, which resembles a maze

cochlea

contain the receptors for hearing; snail like

Spiral organ

the hearing receptor, which is located in the cochlea of the inner ear; organ of Corti

Vestibular apparatus

The receptive organs of the inner ear that contribute to balance and perception of head movement

Vestibule

chamber in the inner ear that holds some of the receptors for equilibrium

semicircular canals

three curved channels of the inner ear that hold receptors for equilibrium

vestibulocochlear nerve

hearing and balance

Spinal organ

hearing receptor, which is located in the cochlea of the inner ear

analgesia

loss of pain

Parosmia

abnormal or perverted sense of smell

ageusia

loss of taste

muscular sensation

myesthesia

pseudogeusia

false sense of taste

thermesthesia

sensitivity to temperature

hyperalgesia

increased sensitivity to pain

Dysgeusia

abnormal sense of taste

anesthesia

lack of sensation

Audition

the act of hearing

hyperacusis

abnormally high sensitivity to sound

otopathy

disease of the ear

stapedial

pertaining to the stapes

Auditory

pertaining to hearing

otalgia

pain in the ear

salpingoscope

endoscope for examining the auditory tube

otoscope

instrument used to examine the ear

endocochlear

within the cochlea

Vestibulocochlear

pertaining to the vestibule and the cochlea

Audiometry

measurement of hearing

tympanoplasty

plastic repair of the middle ear

stapedectomy

excision of the stapes

tympanitis

inflammation of the eardrum

salpingopharyngeal

pertaining to the auditory tube and pharynx

myringostapediopexy

procedure to surgically fix the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to the stapes

nasolacrimal

pertaining to the nose and tear ducts

interpalpebral

between the eyelids

blepharoplasty

surgical repair of the eyelid

dacryocystectomy

excision of a lacrimal sec

blepharoplegia

paralysis of the eyelid

dacryolith

a stone in the lacrimal apparatus

dacryocystitis

inflammation of the lacrimal sac

acoustic

tumor of the eighth cranial nerve sheath

myringotomy

incision into the tympanic membrane

otitis externa

Inflammation of the external auditory canal

otitis media

Inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of serous (watery) or mucoid fluid

otosclerosis

hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear

sensorineural

hearing impairment that results from damage to the inner ear

tinnitus

ringing or buzzing in the ears

vertigo

illusion of movement, as of the body moving in space or the environment moving about the body

orbit

bony cavity of the skull that contains the eyeball

palpebral

eyelid

lacrimal gland

produces tears

conjunctiva

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

sclera

white of the eye

cornea

clear, anterior portion of the sclera

uvea

middle coat of the eyeball; includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid

choroid

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

Ciliary body

muscle that controls the shape of the lens

accommodation

the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina

Iris

muscular ring that controls the size of the pupil

pupil

the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

Retina

innermost layer of the eye

Rods

function in dim light, do not respond to color

Cones

active in bright light, respond to color

refraction

Bending of light

fovea

tiny pit or depression

optic disk

no visual perception

macula

yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc

vitreous body

a transparent jellylike substance filling the interior of the eyeball

aqueous humor

fluid that fills the eye anterior to the lens

convergence

coordinated movement of the eyes toward fixation on the same point

blephar/o

eyelid

dacry/o

tear, lacrimal apparatus

dacryocyst/o

lacrimal sac

lacrim/o

tear

macropsia

visual defect in which object seem larger

achromatopsia

lack of color vision

diplopia

double vision

presbyopia

impaired vision as a result of aging

amblyopia

lazy eye