Neurodevelopmental Disorder

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Intellectual Disability Criterion A

Deficits in general mental abilities (low IQ).

Intellectual Disability Criterion B

Impairment functioning in in everyday adaptive comparison to the individual’s age, gender, socioculturally matched peers.

Intellectual Disability Criterion C

Onset during the developmental period, typically before age 18.

Adaptive Functioning

How well an individual meets the standards of personal independence social responsibility expected for someone of a similar age, sociocultural background, and community setting in one or more aspects of daily life activities, such as communication, social participation, functioning at school/work, or personal independence at home or in community settings

Conceptual (Academic)

Memory, language, reading, writing, math reasoning acquisition of practical knowledge in novel situations, among others

Social

awareness of others’ thoughts, feelings, and experiences; interpersonal communication skills; friendship abilities; and social judgement

Practical

Learning and self management across life settings, including personal care, job responsibilities, money management, recreation, self-management of behavior and school and work task organization

Global developmental delay (GDD)

• Under the age of 5

• Individual fails to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of Intellectual functioning

• Who are unable to undergo systematic assessments of intellectual functioning, including children who are too young to participate in standardized testing

• Cannot assess IQ and adaptive functioning, but can clearly see delays

Unspecified Intellectual Diability (UID)

• Over 5 years of age

• 1 to 2% of the population

• Injury to the brain or factors affecting normal growth and development

Down Syndrome

The most common chromosomal cause of mental retardation

Fragile X Syndrome

The most common form of intellectual disability

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome

Neurological disorder that manifests as Auditory Verbal Agnosia (comprehension, verbal expression aphasia, abnormal EEG during sleep, seizures)

Treatment for Landau-Kleffner Syndrome

Speech theraphy

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder

Disturbance in speech fluency that includes a number of problems with speech, such as repeating syllables or words, prolonging certain sounds, making obvious pauses, or substituting words to replace ones that are difficult to articulate.

Ethiology for Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder

• Abnormalities in speech motor control

• Brain structure/process less blood flow to the frontal lobe of the brain

• Genetic abnormalities