Physics Equations and Practice Problems

Question-and-answer flashcards covering key physics formulas and worked example problems from the lecture notes.

What kinematic equation gives an object’s final velocity after constant acceleration?

v = v₀ + a·t

Which equation calculates displacement for motion under constant acceleration?

x = x₀ + v₀·t + ½ a·t²

State Newton’s Second Law relating force, mass, and acceleration.

F = m·a

What is the formula for the kinetic energy of a mass m moving at speed v?

K = ½ m·v²

What expression gives the gravitational potential energy of a mass m at height h?

U = m·g·h

How is linear momentum defined, and what is the conservation statement for a closed system?

p = m·v ; Σpinitial = Σpfinal

Write the Beer–Lambert law that relates absorbance to concentration.

A = ε·ℓ·c

Express 1 joule in equivalent SI units.

1 J = 1 N·m = 1 kg·m²/s²

A linear stage starts from rest and accelerates at 0.5 m/s² for 4 s. What is its final speed?

2.0 m/s

A droplet is ejected at 0.2 m/s and accelerates at 2.0 m/s² for 0.1 s. How far does it travel?

0.03 m (3 cm)

What force is required to accelerate a 0.150 kg sample holder at 1.2 m/s²?

0.18 N

A 0.050 kg bead is dropped from 0.80 m. Ignoring air resistance, what is its speed just before impact?

≈3.96 m/s (about 4.0 m/s)

Cart A (0.2 kg) at 0.5 m/s collides elastically with Cart B (0.3 kg) at rest. After collision, A moves at 0.1 m/s. What is B’s velocity?

≈0.27 m/s

A solution shows absorbance 0.45 in a 1.0 cm cuvette with ε = 43,000 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹. What is its concentration?

1.0 × 10⁻⁵ M (≈10.5 µM)

Convert 150 food Calories (kcal) to joules.

6.28 × 10⁵ J (627,600 J)