Untitled Flashcards Set

What defines a pure substance in chemistry?

A pure substance has a definite composition.

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

Elements are composed of only one type of atom, while compounds are composed of two or more elements held together by a chemical bond.

What characterizes a homogeneous mixture?

A homogeneous mixture has only one phase and is known as a solution.

What are the fixed characteristics of solids?

Solids have fixed shape and volume, small space between atoms and molecules, and are difficult to compress.

What is the key property of liquids?

Liquids have a definite volume and assume the shape of their container with relatively farther apart molecules.

What does gas lack in terms of shape and volume?

Gas has no definite shape and volume and can be compressed easily.

What are intrinsic properties in matter?

Intrinsic properties do not depend on the amount of matter, such as density and melting point.

What are extrinsic properties in matter?

Extrinsic properties depend on the amount of matter, like mass and length.

What is a physical change?

A physical change does not change the composition or chemical properties of matter.

What defines a chemical change?

A chemical change alters the composition of matter and produces new compounds with different properties.

What are protons and electrons?

Protons are positively charged particles, while electrons are negatively charged particles.

What is the atomic number of an atom?

The atomic number is the total number of protons in an atom.

What is the difference between a cation and an anion?

A cation is a positively charged species formed by the loss of electrons, while an anion is a negatively charged particle formed when a neutral atom gains electrons.

What are isotopes?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons.

What does the Aufbau principle describe?

The Aufbau principle describes the order in which electrons fill the orbitals in an atom.

What are valence electrons?

Valence electrons are the electrons found in the outermost energy level of an atom.

What is the formula for Charles's Law?

Charles's Law states that T1/V1 = T2/V2, indicating that volume and temperature are directly proportional when pressure is constant.

What is Boyle's Law?

Boyle's Law states that P1V1 = P2V2, meaning pressure and volume are inversely proportional.

What does Gay-Lussac's Law state?

Gay-Lussac’s Law states that P1/T1 = P2/T2, indicating that pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature (Kelvin).