CDC Volume 1 Infection Control & Radiology

Who appoints the Special Consultant for Infection Control?

USAF Assistant Surgeon General for Dental Services

Who develops and publishes guidelines for the USAF Dental Infection Control Program?

Dental Infection Control Officer

What is the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard?

A Federal rule that sets forth specific requirements to prevent the transmission of bloodborne diseases to employees.

When must the exposure-control plan be reviewed and who should have access to it?

At least annually; all employees and OSHA.

Who determines the minimum training requirements for bloodborne pathogen exposure?

OSHA

How many days does an employer have to provide a written opinion after post-exposure evaluation?

15

How long must OSHA medical records be kept and from which employment date?

30 years; from the last date of employment.

Who must have access to training and medical records under OSHA?

Employees and the Assistant Secretary of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

What are large droplets of saliva-borne microorganisms called?

Splatter

What percent can antiseptic mouthwash reduce bacteria?

90

How long should water/air lines be flushed between patients?

20-30 seconds

When must hepatitis B vaccination be made available to employees?

Within 10 calendar days of initial assignment.

According to what recommendations must hepatitis B vaccine be administered?

US Public Health Service routine and booster dose recommendations.

What infection control standard assumes all patients are infectious?

Standard precautions

What type of control isolates or removes bloodborne pathogens in the dental room?

Engineering

What type of controls reduce exposure likelihood by altering task performance?

Work practice

When are gloves required?

When hand contact with blood and saliva is reasonably anticipated.

Who must wear protective eyewear when aerosols are likely?

Dental health team and patient

When must an employer launder clothing under the OSH Act?

When exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM) is reasonably anticipated.

What clothing must be worn during ultrasonic scaling procedures?

Long-sleeved clothing or gowns in combination with head and shoe covers.

What must be done before shipping equipment off-site that may be contaminated?

Decontaminate it to the extent feasible or label as a biohazard, indicating which parts could not be decontaminated.

How must contaminated sharps be discarded?

In closable, puncture-resistant, leak-proof containers that are red or labeled with the biohazard symbol.

What is considered contaminated laundry?

All protective clothing and only contaminated clinical attire.

Into how many categories are environmental surfaces divided?

Two

What is the first step in creating a safe environment?

Cleaning

Which microbes are least resistant to disinfectants?

Vegetative bacteria

What is the most resistant life form to disinfectants?

Bacterial endospores

Which is not a level of chemical disinfectant recognized by the EPA?

Intermediate

What are agents that inhibit bacterial growth but do not kill them called?

Bacteriostatics

What do high-level disinfectants kill?

Vegetative bacteria, fungi, tubercle bacillus, and bacterial spores.

What level of disinfectant is used on semicritical items?

Intermediate

What disinfectants are classified as low-level?

Simple phenolics.

Which is not a property of an ideal disinfectant?

A residual effect on treated surfaces that is activated when surfaces are dry.

What affects the efficacy of chemical disinfectants most?

Organic matter

What is reuse life?

The period a solution can be reused while remaining effective.

What are examples of acceptable intermediate-level hospital disinfectants?

Alcohols, iodophors, synthetic phenolics, and chlorine-containing compounds.

What fluid should iodophors be diluted in?

Distilled or softened water

What is effective when diluted in iodophors?

Iodophors.

Which disinfectant is not effective in the presence of tissue proteins?

Alcohols.

When should you clean and disinfect environmental surfaces in the DTR?

When barriers are compromised or surfaces are visibly soiled.

What sterilization methods are accepted in the USAF?

Steam under pressure (gravity or prevacuum) and dry heat.

What method is used to sterilize heat-sensitive items?

Ethylene oxide.

What factors are most important for sterilization using steam under pressure?

Steam temperature and exposure time.

What is the best method for loading sterilization chambers?

Place packages on edge; large packs below, small packs above.

What is the final step after washer-sterilization?

Terminal sterilization.

What is the correct temperature and time for dry heat sterilization?

350°F for 2 hours or 375°F for 1 hour.

What is the rapid heat sterilization method?

375°F for 12 minutes.

What indicates that a pack has been processed through sterilization?

Chemical indicators.

How often should spore testing be performed?

Every cycle.

Where is the ultrasonic cleaner located in the DTF?

Decontamination area.

When must you decontaminate dental instruments in the DTR?

Never.

Which of the following is not a correct procedure for using the ultrasonic cleaner?

Using disinfectant, plain water, or soap as the solution.

Which method should be used to sterilize nylon tubing?

Steam.

What method should be used to sterilize aluminum trays?

Dry heat.

Where should you not place sterilized items after drying?

On metal or cold surfaces.

When should you resterilize a pack?

If the wrapper becomes wet, touches the floor, or contamination is suspected.

What is the correct way to recap a needle?

Scoop technique or a recapping device.

How should dental handpieces be processed after use?

Heat sterilized.

When are barriers used in radiology?

When there is contamination by spatter or contact.

How should imaging plates be disinfected?

With intermediate-level disinfectant.

Where should impressions be initially rinsed?

Dental treatment room (DTR).

Which impression materials can be disinfected without damage?

Polyether and alginate.

What is an example of a digital image receptor?

An image plate.

What does the image scanner process?

Image plates.

What is an advantage of digital radiography?

You can adjust contrast or density.

What is a key element of the digital system?

X-ray machine.

What should you refer to before using digital equipment?

Manufacturer's instructions.

What type of image allows you to view more teeth?

Digital image.

Which type of film must be processed in a processor?

PSP plate.

How many types of radiation are produced?

Three.

What does density in a radiograph refer to?

Darkness or blackness of the image.

What does contrast help identify in radiographs?

Differences between light and dark areas.

What term describes a white appearance on a radiograph?

Radiopaque.

How many images are usually taken during a full mouth series?

Two.

Which anatomical reference should the bitewing sensor be aligned with?

Occlusal plane.

What software is used to capture and view radiographs?

MiPACS.

What software should you use to send digital radiographs to a provider?

MiPACS.

How do you view a patient's images in MiPACS?

Double click on patient's name.

How should you label a radiograph file?

Letter -a1.

How should radiographs be ordered in a chart?

Same order as in the mouth.