Chapter 8: Skeletal System Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering skeletal functions, bone anatomy, cells, fractures, skeletal divisions, and joint movements based on the Chapter 8 Nursing Study Deck.

Hematopoiesis

Blood-cell production that occurs inside the bone.

Long Bone

A bone shape classification defined by its proportion rather than absolute length; example bones include the femur and phalanx.

Sesamoid Bone

A bone shape found within a tendon, such as the patella.

Type I Collagen

A material in bone that provides tensile strength to resist pulling and twisting.

Hydroxyapatite

A material in bone that provides hardness to resist compression.

Osteoblast

A bone cell that builds osteoid and supports mineralization.

Osteoclast

A multinucleated cell responsible for resorbing bone.

Osteocyte

A mature mechanosensor cell housed within a lacuna.

Osteon

The basic structural unit of compact bone.

Trabeculae

The lightweight lattice structure found in spongy/cancellous bone that aligns with lines of stress.

Canaliculi

Microscopic cell connections within the compact-bone microanatomy.

Periosteum

The outer covering of a long bone.

Red Marrow

Marrow that produces red cells, white cells, and platelets; in adults, it is mainly found in the axial skeleton and proximal humerus/femur.

Endochondral Ossification

A bone formation process that begins with a cartilage model; it is the route for most bones, especially long bones.

Physis

The growth plate where cartilage proliferates on the epiphyseal side to increase bone length.

Open Fracture

A fracture where the wound communicates with the bone break, even if the bone is not visible through the skin.

Compartment Syndrome

A surgical emergency characterized by pain out of proportion, pain with passive stretch, tense swelling, and paresthesia; treated with emerget fasciotomy.

Axial Skeleton

The 80 bones of the central axis, including the skull ($22$ bones), ossicles ($6$), hyoid ($1$), vertebral column ($26$), and thoracic cage ($25$).

Foramen Magnum

The landmark in the occipital bone that allows for cord and brainstem continuity.

Fontanels

Windows into infant growth and physiology; includes the diamond-shaped anterior fontanel (closes at $12$ to $18$ months) and the triangular posterior fontanel (closes by $2$ to $3$ months).

C2 (Axis)

The second cervical vertebra featuring the dens, which enables the 'no' rotation of the head.

True Ribs

Ribs $1$ through $7$ which have direct cartilage attachment to the sternum.

Glenoid Cavity

The shallow cavity in the scapula that receives the humeral head.

Supination

Forearm motion where the radius and ulna are parallel and the palm faces anteriorly or up.

Acetabulum

The socket where the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones fuse to receive the femoral head.

Synarthrosis

A functional classification for a joint that is immobile, such as a suture.

Diarthrosis

A functional classification for a freely movable joint.

Abduction

Movement of a body part away from the midline.

Dorsiflexion

Movement of the foot toward the shin.