ISDS351 Exam 2

Project Integration Management

ensures coordination across project knowledge areas throughout project life cycle

Project Integration Management Key Processes

• developing project charter and management plan

• directing, monitoring, and controlling project work

• performing integrated change control

• closing project or phase

Project Integration Management Tools

• SWOT analysis

• weighted scoring models

• balanced scorecards

weighed scoring model

process of selecting projects based on specific criteria

• identify the most important criteria for the project

• assigning weights (%) and scores to criterions of a project

• multiplying scores by weights to get total weighted scores

balanced scorecards

planning and management system that helps align business activities to strategies and improve communications and monitoring performance against strategic goals

Project Integration Management Agile Consideration

collaboration and iterative planning

Project Scope Management

defines and controls what is included in the project to ensure alignment with stakeholder expectations

Project Scope Management Key Processes

• planning scope management

• collecting requirements

• defining scope

• creating WBS

• validating and controlling scope

Scope

all work and processes that create the products of the project

Deliverable

a product produced as a part of a project ex: hardware, software, planning documents, or meeting minutes

Analogy Approach

Analyzing and comparing similar past WBS to tailor current WBS for project. This is also the best way to make a WBS

Scope Validation

formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables

Project Scope Management Key Tools

• WBS

• mind mapping

• scope baseline

mind mapping

visual chart using top-down generalized to detail parts of the project

scope baseline

all approved project scope statements and associated WBS and WBS dictionary

Project Schedule Management

ensures timely project completion through effective scheduling

Project Schedule Management Key Processes

• defining activities

• sequencing activities

• estimating activity resources and durations

• developing and controlling the schedule

Project Schedule Management Tools

• Critical Path Method (CPM)

• Gantt chart

• Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) Analysis

Critical Path Method (CPM)

used to predict total project duration; a series of activities that determine the earliest time a project can be completed

Gantt Chart

standard format for displaying project schedule information; lists activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in calendar form

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) Analysis

used to estimate project duration when there is a high degree of uncertainty about individual activity duration estimates

Project Schedule Management Agile Consideration

focuses on iterative delivery and flexibility over fixed schedules

Project Cost Management

manages project budgets and financial performance; processes involved in estimating, budgeting, and controlling costs

Project Cost Management Key Processes

• planning cost management

• estimating costs

• determining budgets

• controlling costs

Estimating costs

approximate costs of resources needed to complete project activities

Determining budgets

aggregating estimated costs to establish cost baseline

Controlling costs

monitoring project to update the project budget; managing changes to the cost baseline

Project Cost Management Tools

• Earned Value Management (EVM)

• Project Portfolio Management (PPM) Software

• Project Management Software

• Spreadsheets

Earned Value Management (EVM)

used for tracking performance and costs

E-Commerce

involves conducting business electronically over networks like the internet

Business-to—Business (B2B)

businesses interact with each other, all participants are organizations

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

customers deal directly with an organization and avoid intermediaries

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)

electronic transactions between consumers using a third party to facilitate the process

Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce)

uses smartphones/tablets for transactions; gaining popularity as of today

E-government

online services for citizens, businesses, and government entities; anyone and everyone can interact with the government (G2C, G2B, G2G)

E-Commerce Key Processes

• search and identify products

• select and negotiate

• purchase

• delivery

• after-sales service

E-Commerce Tools

• smart cards

• digital certificates and TLS

• authentication technologies

• credit/debit/charge cards

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

communications protocol or system of rules that ensures the privacy between communicating applications and their users on the internet

Project Risk Management

Identifies and mitigates uncertainties (risks) impacting project objectives

Project Risk Management Key Processes

• planning risk management

• identifying risks

• analyzing risks

• planning risk response

• implementing and monitoring risks

planning risk management

develop a risk management plan outlining methodology, roles, budget, risk categories, and tracking procedures

Identifying Risks

uses techniques like brainstorming, interviewing, SWOT analysis, and Delphi Technique to document risks in a risk register

Quantitative Risk

numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives

Qualitative Risk

prioritizing risks based on probability and impact of occurrence

Planning Risk Responses

negative: avoid, transfer, mitigate, accept, or escalate

positive: exploit, share, enhance, accept, or escalate

Implementing and Monitoring Risks

execute response plans, track risks, and update strategies as needed

Utility Theory

organizations and individuals have varying risk tolerances (risk-neutral, risk-averse, risk-seeking)

Project Risk Management tools

• Monte Carlo Simulation

• Probability/Impact Matrix

• Decision Trees

• Sensitivity Analysis

Monte Carlo Simulation

process that generates lots of profitable performance outcomes based on probability distributions for cost and schedule on individual tasks

Probability/Impact Matrix

visualizes risk severity

Decision Trees

calculate expected monetary value (EMV) for decision-making

Expected Monetary Value (EMV)

shows how much you gain or lose depending on the risk

Sensitivity Analysis

examines how changes in variables affect results

E-Commerce Website Building

creating a site that is user-friendly, secure, goal-oriented, and cost-effective

E-Commerce Website Building Processes

• register a domain name

• optimize for search engines

• use web analytics

• update content regularly

• personalize user experience

Software Acquisition Options

• Subscribe (SaaS)

• Buy (Off-the-shelf)

• Build (Custom)

Subscribe (SaaS)

quick deployment and lower upfront cost, but limited customization

Buy (Off-the-shelf)

fast implementation and tested reliability, but may not fully meet specific needs

Build (Custom)

tailored fit and potential competitive advantage, but expensive and time-consuming

Software Package Evaluation Process

• identify potential solutions

• shortlist contenders

• conduct in-depth evaluations

• finalize and sign contract

• Integrate and implement

Waterfall development model

sequential phases; work on the next stage cannot begin until the results of the current stage are reviewed and approved or modified as necessary

Agile development model

iterative sprints lasting 2 weeks to 2 months; scrum framework, DevOps for continuous Delivery

DevOps

blending tasks performed by the development and IT operations groups to enable faster and more reliable software releases

Feasibility

Assess technical, economic, operational, schedule, and legal feasibility

Legal Feasibility

determining whether laws or regulations may prevent or limit a system development project

unit testing

testing individual components

integration testing

tests modules together

system testing

tests the full system

volume testing

performance under load

user acceptance testing

real-world validation

cutover

the process of switching from an old information system to a replacement system

cutover strategies

• direct conversion

• phase-in

• pilot start-up

• parallel start-up