BUSI 3700 Chapter 5

Why are databases important?

• they’re accessed every time you log into a website, search online, make a phone call, buy online with a credit card, etc

• Snapchat, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Google use them

• they facilitate project goals

• they format data into useful info

• they change as businesses change

• organizes companies/departments who track equipment, tools or inventory

Purpose of a Database

• Organize and keep track of things

• Keeps track of multiple themes

  • Single theme – storing data in spreadsheet

  • Multiple themes – requires ____

theme

• Student grades, student emails, student office visits

Content

• Something of value, can be considered an asset

• Stored as data, documents, spreadsheets, presentations, websites, text from blogs/social media/discussion boards, graphics, video files and video logs, audio files, etc

• Related to intellectual property

intellectual property

creative endeavour that can be protected through a trademark, patent, copyright, industrial design, or integrated circuit topography

How Can Content Be Organized?

• Management of content

• Presentation of content

Management of content

Cataloguing, processing, storing

Presentation of content

• Distributing to the right person, right format

• Handled by content management system (CMS)

  • Employee loads raw content into CMS which gets reviewed/edited as needed, then published

  • CMS can automatically seek relevant documents across and content manage

  • Example: Web CMS

Database

• structured set of data

• like a huge library or filing cabinet

• hierarchy:

  • datas grouped into columns (fields)

  • columns grouped into rows (records)

  • rows grouped into tables (files)

• is self-describing

  • collection of integrated records that contain descriptions of its content

Components of a Database

collection of tables + relationships among the rows in those tables, + metadata

Keys

• Column(s) that identify unique row in table

• Each table has one

Foreign keys

Keys in a different table than the one where they reside

Relational database

Databases using tables, keys, and foreign keys

Metadata

• Data that describe data

• Makes databases more useful than spreadsheets

• Makes databases easier to use

• Improves sorting and searching

• the "who, what, when, where"

Components of a Database Application System

• user

• data base application

• database management system

• database

Database Management System (DBMS)

• Make databases more accessible and useful

• Program that creates, processes, and administers databases

• Software program

• Oracle, IBM (DB2), Microsoft (Access and SQL Server), MySQL (open-source)

• like a super smart librarian that stores, finds, changes, and organizes info

functions of DBMS

• Create the database and its structures

  • Tables and relationships

• Process the database

  • Data entry forms used to read, insert, modify, or delete data

  • Reports show data in a meaningful context using SQL

• Provide tools to administer the database (backups)

Structured Query Language (SQL)

international standard for processing a database

Database Application

• Collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database

• Databases can have more than 1

• Each application can have multiple users

• friendly tool that helps people use the information inside a database

Database Application Programs

• Process logic specific to business need

• Enables database processing over Internet

  • serves as intermediary between Web server and database

  • responds to events (e.g. when users submits data on a web page)

  • reads, inserts, modifies, deletes data

• like one worker doing a job

Storing New Data Types Differently

• Newer types of data (images, audio, video) don’t fit into relational structures, but still need metadata

• New data types don’t need ACID transactions

• Need for faster processing (Amazon - Dynamo, Google - Bigtable, Facebook - Cassandra)

ACID

• atomic, consistent, isolated, durable (all-or-none transaction processing)

• keeps everything safe and correct for buy and sell transactionss

• not required by many internet applications

Non-Traditional DBMS

newer and faster ways to store data

• NoSQL DBMS

• NewSQL DBMS

• In-memory DBMS

NoSQL DBMS

• non-relational, high transaction rates, simple data structures

• no ACID support

• facebook, netflix, twitter, and instagram

• Flexible and good with messy or weird-shaped data

NewSQL DBMS

• high transactions, may/may not be relational

• combines relational with scalability and flexible data types

• ACID support

• online stores

• The best of both worlds—old-school rules but modern speed

In-memory DBMS

• databases processed in main memory (RAM) to increase response time and for faster processing

• usually relational

• production systems, micorsoft oracle

• Super fast because everything is saved in memory