Chapter 51: Population Ecology
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20 Terms
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Fitness trade
________- offs are the inescapable compromise between two traits that can not be optimized simultaneously.
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UN projections
The ________ are based on three scenarios, which hinge on different values for fertility rates－the average number of surviving children that each woman has during her lifetime.
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replacement rate
The ________ is the average fertility required for each woman to produce exactly enough offspring to replace herself and her offsprings father.
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K
Carrying capacity, ________, is defined as the maximum number of individuals in a population that can be supported in a particular habitat over α sustained period of time.
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Biotic factors
________, such as past and current interactions with other species provide habitat, food, or competition.
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area of Z vivipαrαvaries
The population density- the number of individuals per unit ________ throughout its range.
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geographic distribution
Most species identification guides show the range, or ________, of different species.
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Analyzing birth rates, death rates, immigration rates, and emigration rates are fundamental to demography
the study of factors that determine the size and structure of populations through time
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51.5 Case Study
Human Population Growth
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Range
geographic distribution
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population density
the number of individuals per unit area
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immigration
occurs when individuals enter a population by moving from another population
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emigration
occurs when individuals leave a population to join another population
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demography
the study of factors that determine the size and structure of populations through time
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age structure
how many individuals of each age are alive
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generation time
the average time between a mother’s first offspring and her daughter’s first offspring
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age class
a group of individuals of a specific age
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cohort
a group of the same age that can be followed through time
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Survivorship
proportion of offspring produced that survive, on average, to a particular age (the opposite of mortality)
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Fitness trade-offs
the inescapable compromise between two traits that cannot be optimized simultaneously
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