VM 704 (Pathology)- Disorders of Growth, pt. 1

What are the 3 different normal cell growth controls?

1. Cell proliferation

2. Cell differentiation

3. Cell turnover: loss and renewal

What polices the cell cycle checkpoints?

p53

What is the definition of agenesis?

Complete failure of an organ or tissue to develop

What is the definition of aplasia?

Failure of an organ or tissue to grow after its rudimentary form

What is the definition of hypoplasia?

Failure of an organ or tissue to develop, resulting in a failure in renewal of tissue

What is the definition of hamartoma?

Increased amounts of normal tissue in a normal location

What is the definition of choristoma?

Normal tissue in an abnormal location

What are the 6 types of acquired disordered growth?

1. Atrophy

2. Hypertrophy

3. Hyperplasia

4. Metaplasia

5. Dysplasia

6. Neoplasia

What is the definition of involution?

Decrease in size of a tissue due to decreased cell numbers

What is the definition of hypertrophy?

Increased size of an organ due to increased size of the cells

What is the most common organ that can go through hypertrophy?

Striated muscle

What are the 2 main factors causing hyperplasia?

1. Physiologic (Idiopathic change, compensatory regeneration)

2. Pathologic (Excessive stimulation, chronic irritation, toxins)

What is the definition of metaplasia?

A change from one adult differentiated cell to a different type

What is the definition of dysplasia?

Disorganized growth of cells or tissues

What does the suffix -sarcoma often indicate?

Malignant growth

What does the suffix -oma usually indicate?

A benign growth

What is the definition of neoplasia?

New growth

What are the features of benign neoplasia?

Non-threatening or incapable of spread

What are the 3 aspects of the morphologic diagnosis of neoplasms?

1. Organ

2. Tumor name

3. Distribution

Is there a benign tumor of the lymphocytes?

NO (all are malignant)

What is the suffix used for a malignant epithelial tumor?

-carcinoma

Can tumors of the meninges metastasize?

No (but they can compress/invade the brain!)

What is the name of a benign tumor of the epidermis?

Papilloma

What is the name of a malignant tumor of the urothelium?

Transitional cell carcinoma

Are there any benign tumors found in the brain?

NO