CH 8 IT

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What are the three essential components of every computer network system?

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Hardware, Software, People

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What is a Node in a computer network?

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Each computer or networked peripheral on the network

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50 Terms

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What are the three essential components of every computer network system?

Hardware, Software, People

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What is a Node in a computer network?

Each computer or networked peripheral on the network

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What is a PAN (Personal Area Network)?

A network for communication between devices close to one person (e.g., Bluetooth headphones to smartphone)

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What is a LAN (Local Area Network)?

A network where computers are physically close (e.g., computer lab or home network)

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What is a MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)?

A large network covering a specific geographical area like a city

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What is a WAN (Wide Area Network)?

A network extending over large distances; the internet is the largest WAN

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What is Bandwidth?

Quantity of data transmitted per second (measured in Kbps, Mbps, Gbps)

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What affects Bandwidth?

Transmission media (copper/fiber) and network traffic

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Compare IPv4 and IPv6

IPv4: 32-bit addresses, IPv6: 128-bit addresses

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What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

Allows a node to communicate on the network

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What is a Router's function?

Routes messages between networks and connects multiple networks

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Hub vs. Switch

Hub broadcasts to all nodes; Switch directs to specific nodes

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Client/Server Model

One/more dedicated servers; other computers act as clients

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Peer-to-Peer Model

Every computer acts as both client and server

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What is a Network Operating System (NOS)?

Server software handling communication from multiple clients

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What is a Communication Protocol?

System of rules for transmitting information between entities

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Why must protocols match?

Mismatched speeds (e.g., 200Kbps vs. 100Kbps) prevent communication

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What is TCP/IP?

Protocol controlling internet data exchange (e.g., HTTP, FTP, DHCP, DNS)

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What are Packets?

Small pieces of data (e.g., email/image parts) for internet transmission

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Modem Connection

Uses telephone lines; speed up to 56.6 Kbps

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Broadband Types

DSL (phone lines), Cable (TV cables), Satellite, Optical Fiber

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Wireless Network Examples

Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Infrared, Bluetooth, 3G/4G/5G, Wireless Sensor Networks

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What is Wi-Fi?

Radio waves linking computers to Wireless Access Points (WAPs)

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Wi-Fi Interference Factors

Blocking objects, antenna placement, other wireless devices

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What is Wi-Max?

Radio tech covering ~25 square miles per tower

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What is Bluetooth?

Wireless standard for short-distance (10-100m) device connections (printers, cameras)

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Tethering vs. Mobile Hotspot

Tethering: cable connection; Hotspot: Wi-Fi-based portable WAP

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Wireless Security Measures

Passwords, encryption (WEP-low, WPA, WPA2-most secure)

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Network Advantages

Share hardware/resources, data/software, enable collaboration

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What is IoT?

Internet-connected everyday objects sending/receiving data (e.g., smart home/cities)

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IoT Challenges

Security, privacy, massive data handling

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What is Blockchain?

Peer-to-peer network recording verified transactions in a public ledger

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Blockchain Applications

Cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum)

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Interpersonal Computing

Human-to-human digital communication (70% of internet time)

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Synchronous Communication

Real-time (e.g., IM, audio/video conferencing)

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Asynchronous Communication

Non-real-time (e.g., email, forums)

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Email Server Function

Handles/delivers email over networks (usually internet)

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Common Email Issues

Spam, attachment sizes, size limitations

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What is VoIP?

Voice over IP (uses internet protocols for voice/fax)

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Video Teleconferencing Benefits

No travel, time savings, resource sharing

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Blog Types

Blogs (online diaries), Microblogs (small content like Twitter), Vlogs (video blogs)

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Social Networking Pros

Accessible, inexpensive, keeps users informed/connected

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Social Networking Cons

Privacy risks, information overload, addiction

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Social Media Influencers

Users with industry credibility/large audiences (e.g., YouTube, Instagram)

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Media Sharing Examples

YouTube, Vimeo (viral videos, streaming, live streaming, podcasts)

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What is Crowdsourcing?

Using crowd intelligence to solve problems (e.g., Wikipedia, Kickstarter)

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Online Gaming Examples

MMORPGs, First-Person Shooters (PlayStation Network, Xbox Live)

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Gaming Characteristics

Thousands of players, virtual roles, addiction, group cooperation

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File Sharing Methods

Peer-to-peer (torrents), Grid Computing (shared processing), Cloud Computing

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Online Survival Tips

Store contacts, avoid suspicious links/emails, update systems, verify info