Ionic Bonding + Their Properties (ChemCoach 1.7)

Ionic bonds have a ____ and ____ held by _____ forces (opposites attract). The ___ is the cation and the ____ is the anion.

metal; nonmetal; electrostatic; metal; nonmetal

Covalent bonds are two ___ that share ____ to reach an octet.

nonmetals; electrons

Metallic bonds are between ____ that share a “sea” of delocalized ___ electrons, making the atoms themselves a charged ion called a ___. This sea gives ___, ___, and luster.

metals; valence; cation; conductivity; malleability

Ionic compound properties include conductivity. In the solid state, they ___ conduct electricity, but they ___ when dissolved in water. Additionally, they have high ___/___ points.

don’t; do; melting/boiling

Naming Practice: Name Fe₂(SO4)₃

iron (III) sulfate

Name CaBr₂

Calcium bromide

True or False: The opposing charges in ionic compounds must add to 0 overall charge

True

Electronegativity ___ left to right and ___ top to bottom.

Increases; decreases

Which of the following compounds would you expect to be ionic?

NH₃

SF₆

CaO

H₂O

CaO because that’s the only one that’s metal + nonmetal

What is the formula of the compound formed between magnesium and nitrogen ions?

MgN

MgN₂

Mg₂N₃

Mg₃N₂

Mg₃N₂. Mg+2 with N(-3).

Which one of the following compounds is chromium (III) oxide?

CrO₃

Cr₃O

Cr₂O₃

Cr₃O₂

Cr₂O₃

Which set contains only covalently bonded molecules?

BCl₃, SiCl₄, PCl₃

NH₄Br, N₂H₄, HBr

I₂, H₂S, NaI

Al, O₃, As₄

BCl₃, SiCl₄, PCl₃

It’s not the second option because NH4 is a cation and Br is an anion

How is generally the formation of ionic compounds?

Exothermic

Endothermic

It depends on the starting material

It depends on the reaction conditions

Exothermic

Which substance has both covalent and ionic bonds?

NH₄Br

KI

CH₂Cl₂

SiF₄

NH₄Br

Which formula best represents an ionic compound formed between magnesium and sulfur?

MgS

Mg₂S₃

MgS₂

Mg₃S₂

MgS

Which of the following compounds is most likely to have the highest ionic bond energy?

NaF

KCl

LiBr

CsI

NaF

Which of the following compounds is ionic?

H₂O

CO₂

CH₄

KCl

KCl

Which of the following statements is true about the formation of ionic solids?

Energy is absorbed when ions are brought together to form an ionic solid.

Ionic solids are typically formed from elements with similar electronegativities.

The formation of ionic solids is always endothermic.

The formation of ionic solids usually releases energy.

The formation of ionic solids usually releases energy.

Which element has the highest electronegativity?

Fluorine

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Chlorine

Fluorine

What does a dipole moment indicate in a molecule?

The presence of ionic bonding

A separation of charge within the molecule

The molecule is nonpolar

The molecule has no net dipole

A separation of charge within the molecule

Which of the following pairs of elements is most likely to form an ionic compound?

Carbon and Oxygen

Sodium and Fluorine

Hydrogen and Chlorine

Nitrogen and Sulfur

Sodium and Fluorine

(Not really a big deal card)

The electronegativity of gallium (1.8) is greater than that of aluminum (1.6). Which is the best explanation for this difference?

Ga is larger than Al, so its valence electrons experience less electron-electron repulsion.

Ga has more protons than Al, so its valence electrons are more attracted to the nucleus.

Ga has a filled 3d subshell, whose electrons incompletely screen the nucleus.

Ga experiences significant relativistic effects, which contract the valence orbitals.

Ga has a filled 3d subshell, whose electrons incompletely screen the nucleus.

Which pair of atoms forms the most ionic bond?

Al and As

Al and N

Al and Se

Al and O

Al and O

Which ionic compound has the smallest lattice energy?

NaF

MgO

AlN

MgCl₂

NaF because +1 and -1 charges is the least.

Which of the following compounds contain both ionic and covalent bonds?

BaSO₄

Ca(NO₃)₂

NH₄Cl

All of the above

All of the above

Identify the correct chemical formula for the ionic compound formed between calcium and nitrogen.

CaN

CaN₂

Ca₃N₂

Ca₂N₃

Ca₃N₂

What is the correct name for the ionic compound K₂S?

Potassium sulfide

Potassium sulfate

Potassium sulfur

Dipotassium sulfide

Potassium sulfide

Which element is the most electronegative?

N

O

S

Cl

O