________ are observed in all prokaryotic cells and are found throughout the cell interior.
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Animal cells
________ contain organelles called lysosomes that function as recycling center.
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Microtubules
________ have the largest diameter of the three cytoskeletal filaments.
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Myosin
________ is a motor protein- a protein that converts the chemical energy in ATP into the kinetic energy of mechanical work, just as a cars motor converts the chemical energy in gasoline into spinning wheels.
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Cytokinesis
________ " (cell- moving) "is 1e final stage in cell division when the cytoplasm is divided to form two cells.
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inner membrane
The solution enclosed within the ________ is called the mitochondrial matrix.
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Golgi apparatus
Even though lysosomes are physically separated from the ________ and the endoplasmic reticulum, these various organelles jointly form a key functional grouping referred to as the endomembrane system.
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plasma membrane
In addition, the movement called cell crawling occurs when groups of actin filaments grow, causing bulges in the ________ that extend and move the cell.
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George Palade
________ and colleagues did pioneering research on the secretory pathway using a pulse chase experiment to track protein movement.
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differential centrifugation
A technique called ________ was particularly important because it allowed researchers to isolate particular cell components and analyze their chemical composition.
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prokaryotic flagellum
A(n) ________ (plural: flagella) is assembled from many different proteins at the cell surface of certain species.
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exocytosis
When ________ occurs, the vesicle membrane and plasma membrane make contact.
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photosynthesis
Most algal and plant cells possess an organelle called the chloroplast, in which sunlight is converted to chemical energy during ________.
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glyoxysomes
In the leaves of plants, specialized peroxisomes called ________ are packed with enzymes that oxidize fatty acids to form a compound that can be used to store energy for the cell.
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fungi
The cells of plants, ________, and certain other eukaryotes contain a prominent organelle called a vacuole.
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Plasmids
________ contain genes but are physically independent of the cellular chromosome.
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messenger
Molecules called ________ RNAs (mRNA) carry the information required to manufacture proteins.
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experimental cells
The "Pulse: "Expose ________ to a high concentration of a modified amino acid for a short time.
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Chase
The "________: "End the pulse by washing away the modified amino acid and replacing it with the normal version of the same molecule.
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Transmission
________ electron microscope, which passes a beam of electrons through extremely thin sections of cells to visualize their internal structure.
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Cells
________ are also involved in recycling large structures and organelles that exist within the cytoplasm through a process called autophagy.
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proton pumps
As ________ continue to lower the early endosome's pH, it undergoes a series of processing steps that cause it to mature into a late endosome.
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Nuclear lamins
________, which make up the nuclear lamina layer.
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endocytosis
As its name implies, receptor mediated ________ is a sequence of events that begins when particles outside the cell bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
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prokaryotic chromosomes
While ________ are in a loosely defined nucleoid region, eukaryotic chromosomes are enclosed within a membrane bound compartment called the nucleus.
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fimbria
A(n) ________ (plural: fimbriae) is a needle- like projection that extends from the plasma membrane of some bacteria and promotes attachment to other cells or surfaces.
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circular chromosome
The region of the cell where the ________ is located is called the nucleoid.
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unique double membrane structure
It is enclosed by a(n) ________ called the nuclear envelope.
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Cytoplasmic streaming
________ is the directed flow of cytosol and organelles that is often seen within plant and fungal cells.
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polymers of sugar
Because carbohydrates are ________ monomers, the addition of one or more carbohydrate groups is called glycosylation.
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eukaryotic flagellum
The ________ is closely related to a structure called the cilium (plural: cilia), which is a short, hairlike projection that is also found in some eukaryotic cells.
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organelle
A(n) ________ is a compartment inside the cell- often bounded by a membrane- that contains enzymes or structures specialized for a particular function.
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cytoskeleton
The ________ is a dense and complex network of fibers that helps maintain cell shape by providing structural support.
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The ________ or smooth ER are parts of the ER that are free of ribosomes that appear smooth and even.
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Golgi apparatus
The ________ consists of a set of membranous compartments called cisternae.
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An organelle is a compartment inside the cell-often bounded by a membrane
that contains enzymes or structures specialized for a particular function
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A prokaryotic flagellum (plural
flagella) is assembled from many different proteins at the cell surface of certain species
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A fimbria (plural
fimbriae) is a needle-like projection that extends from the plasma membrane of some bacteria and promotes attachment to other cells or surfaces
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The "Pulse"
Expose experimental cells to a high concentration of a modified amino acid for a short time
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The "Chase"
End the pulse by washing away the modified amino acid and replacing it with the normal version of the same molecule
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The eukaryotic flagellum is closely related to a structure called the cilium (plural
cilia), which is a short, hairlike projection that is also found in some eukaryotic cells
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