1 MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY AND HISTORIOGRAPHY

History

field of study that examines the historical occurrences in people's, nations, and the world's life

thorough study

Greek word "historia," which denotes a

Herodotus

Greek author that is regarded as the "Father of History" since he first adopted the term "historia" and was a compelling narrator who had a keen interest in local traditions.

historians

those who have studied history

develop a better understanding of the world

importance of history. helps us -

Without knowledge of how the world operates, It is impossible to construct a foundation upon which to establish your existence.

understand ourselves

importance of history. helps us -

You need to establish a sense of self if you want to know who you are. Finding your place in the larger narrative of your nation or the world community is a key component of it

learn to understand other people

importance of history. helps us -

History is not just crucial for understanding your own nation, ethnic origin. and genealogy. It is also a useful resource tor comprehending others who are different from us. Books on world, national, and local history assist us in comprehending how other civilizations influence our own.

a working understanding of change

importance of history. history teaches -

It should go without saying that understanding change can be challenging. Individually, we are aware of when and why we seek change. We can better grasp how, when, and why change should be sought on a greater scale by studying history.

us the tools we need to be decent citizens

importance of history. history gives-

Good citizens have always been knowledgeable citizens, and no one can consider themselves to be an informed citizen without having a basic understanding of history. We may improve our civic participation and contribution to any form of society by studying history. It makes us better equipped to educate others as well.

us better decision-makers

importance of history. history makes -

George Santayana once said, "Those who do not study history are condemned to repeat it.". We can learn 'from the mistakes of the past by looking back at history. It aids in our understanding of the various causes of human behavior.

develop a new level of appreciation for just about everything

importance of history. history helps us -

History is more than just a living chronicle of countries, rulers, and conflicts. Additionally, it is our story. There are several examples of people standing up for what they believed in, dying for someone they loved, or putting a lot of effort into realizing their aspirations.

Historiography

study of how historians construct history as a field of study, and thus, it includes all historical writing on a given topic

the study of the way history has been and is written

study of history

historiography of the philippines

refers to the research, data, analysis, and interpretations that academics have employed to explore the country’s past

primary sources

such as letters, diaries, memoirs, and personal histories, are firsthand, contemporaneous descriptions of events that were written by people who lived during that time period or years later.

The closest sources to the information's source

They need to be interpreted by academics because they are raw data.

Autobiography

is a biography that was written by the author. The purpose of writing about all or a portion of one's own life is to share that experience with the reader, put it in a larger cultural or historical context, or just to inform and amuse

secondary sources

frequently interpret main materials and are intimately ties to them

records that relate to data that came from somewhere else

work that interprets or analyzes a historical event or phenomenon

tertiary source

frequently compile or summarize information from other sources, directing readers to it

make new discoveries
Expose students to multiple perspectives on great issues of the past and present.

importance of sources

historical sources

authentic source that has significant historical information. it may be an artifact or testimony about the past, and historians rely on it to paint a picture of the past

non-written, written, archaeology, ethnography, linguistic

sources of history

non-written sources

sources that are passed down from generation to generation through oral communication but are not recorded in writing

oral tradition and oral testimony

written sources

historical events that have been documented and passed down from one generation

crucial methods for preserving history

archaeology

study of historical artifacts that have been preserved

reveals the tools people in the past employed to preserve their history

aka dug-history

linguistic

study of language similarities, how various languages of various civilizations are studied.

helps us identify our cultural roots

ethnography

study of an ethnic group or peoples way of life

involves participant observation for learning

aids in documenting behavior in many contexts of daily life

1. Cannot be changed, altered or paraphrase

2. Provide Evidences

advantage of historical sources

1. Kept in Museum or special collections

2. Difficult to identify if the historical source is telling the truth or not.

disadvantage of historical sources

historical criticism

aka historical-critical technique or higher criticism , looks at the beginning of ancient works comprehend “the world behind the text”.

main objective is to ascertain the text's basic or original meaning in its original historical setting and its literal sense. The secondary objective aims to create a historical reconstruction of the author and the text's audience

external criticism

process of

assessing the physical qualities of an item of evidence, determining if it is consistent with historical facts about the period it was produced and determining the materials it was made from in order to confirm its validity.

heuristics
heuriskein
locate or discover

_________ is another name for the technique of external critique which comes from the greek word ________ = __________

internal criticism

examination of the truthfulness of the evidence

analyzes the source’s content and considers the circumstances surrounding its creation

hermeneutics
hermeneuein
to interpret

___________ is the science of interpretation. address the internal difficulties

derives from the greek verb _________, which means __ _________

heuristics

address the external concerns of a document, whereas hermeneutics address the internal difficulties

Emilio Aguinaldo

Who allegedly sent a telegraph to Antonio Luna before his assassination on June 5, 1899?

General Antonio Luna

Who was assassinated on June 5, 1899, in Cabanatuan?

Captain Pedro Janolino

Who confessed to killing Antonio Luna in an interview with Antonio K. Abad?

Antonio K. Abad

Who interviewed Captain Janolino about Luna’s death?

Andres Bonifacio

Who wrote letters revealing alleged manipulation in the March 22, 1897 election?

Emilio Jacinto

To whom did Andres Bonifacio write about the election manipulation?

Allies of Emilio Aguinaldo

Whose allies were accused of manipulating the March 22, 1897 election?

Emilio Aguinaldo

1st recognized president of the Philippines

BEFORE 1500

PRE SPANISH

1521-1896

SPANISH

1896-1898

1ST REPUBLIC

1899- 1935

AMERICAN PERIOD

1972-1986

MARTIAL LAW

1987-1999

POST EDSA

333 years

how many years were we colonized by the Spaniards