Euthanasia in Small Animal Practice

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Last updated 8:59 AM on 9/16/26
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6 Terms

1
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What are the 4 different organs pentobarbital can be injected into for euthanasia? (MUST BE SEDATED FIRST)

  • Intracardiac

  • Intrahepatic

  • Intrarenal

  • Intraperitoneal


2
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How would you inject pentobarbital intracardially?

  • Put patient in R lateral recumbency

  • Palpate / auscultate for apex beat in chest

  • Insert 1-1.5in long needle at a 45-90 degree angle OVER the apex beat

    • 18-21 gauge

  • Look for flash of bright red blood

  • Inject quickly and smoothly


Is immediate, very upsetting to owners so avoid


<ul><li><p>Put patient in R lateral recumbency</p></li><li><p>Palpate / auscultate for apex beat in chest</p></li><li><p>Insert 1-1.5in long needle at a 45-90 degree angle OVER the apex beat</p><ul><li><p>18-21 gauge </p></li></ul></li><li><p>Look for flash of bright red blood</p></li><li><p>Inject quickly and smoothly</p></li></ul><p></p><p>Is immediate, very upsetting to owners so avoid</p><p></p>
3
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How would you inject pentobarbital into the liver?

  • Place animal in lateral

  • Palpate and localize the xiphoid process of the sternum

  • Insert needle on either side of the xiphoid process

  • Rapid action, but LARGER DOSE REQUIRED


Try to use a blanket to keep owner from seeing injection


<ul><li><p>Place animal in lateral </p></li><li><p>Palpate and localize the <strong>xiphoid process </strong>of the sternum </p></li><li><p>Insert needle on either side of the xiphoid process </p></li><li><p>Rapid action, but LARGER DOSE REQUIRED </p></li></ul><p></p><p>Try to use a blanket to keep owner from seeing injection </p><p></p>
4
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How and when would you inject pentobarbital into the kidneys?

Used in cats and small mammals


  • Need a needle size of 5/8th of an inch

  • Choose the kidney that is easiest to isolate

    • Easily palpated in cats just behind the last rib

  • IS PAINFUL

  • Larger dose required


<p>Used in cats and small mammals</p><p></p><ul><li><p>Need a needle size of 5/8th of an inch</p></li><li><p>Choose the kidney that is easiest to isolate </p><ul><li><p>Easily palpated in cats just behind the last rib </p></li></ul></li><li><p>IS PAINFUL </p></li><li><p>Larger dose required </p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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How and when would you inject pentobarbital intraperitoneally?

Done in small animals and birds

  • 5/8th of an inch needle size

  • Place animal in dorsal recumbency

  • Insert needle into the lower left quadrant of the abdomen at a 15-20 degree angle, bevel up


Is SLOW ACTING (5 min), larger dose volume required


Have the potential to accidentally inject into fat, viscera, or subq space


<p>Done in small animals and birds </p><ul><li><p>5/8th of an inch needle size</p></li><li><p>Place animal in dorsal recumbency </p></li><li><p>Insert needle into the lower left quadrant of the abdomen at a 15-20 degree angle, bevel up</p></li></ul><p></p><p>Is SLOW ACTING (5 min), larger dose volume required </p><p></p><p>Have the potential to accidentally inject into fat, viscera, or subq space </p><p></p>
6
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What is the typical concentration of pentobarbital? What are the doses for debilitated animals, and younger / healthy animals?

200mg/mL


Dose for debilitated animals - 80mg/kg


Dose for younger / fitter animals - 120-160mg/kg