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Agricultural Revolution

The period marked by the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture, which began around 10,000 BCE.

Monotheism

The belief in a single, all-powerful God.

Polytheism

The belief in multiple gods or deities.

Hammurabi’s Code

A set of laws developed by King Hammurabi of Babylon, emphasizing justice and social order.

Gilgamesh

An ancient Mesopotamian epic poem that tells the story of the king of Uruk and his adventures.

Mansa Musa

The ruler of the Mali Empire from 1312 to 1337 known for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca.

Columbian Exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and culture between the Americas and the Old World after 1492.

Trans-Saharan Trade

Trade routes that connected sub-Saharan Africa with North Africa across the Sahara Desert.

Silk Road

A network of trade routes that connected Asia with Europe, facilitating trade and cultural exchange.

Gunpowder Empires

Empires that utilized gunpowder technology to establish control, such as the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires.