Sociologists from Chapter 1-4

Karl Marx

Focused on class struggle and economic inequality, asserting that society's history is driven by class conflict between bourgeoisie (owners) and proletariat (workers).

W.E.B. Du Bois

Focussed on race and racial inequality; developed the concept of double consciousness for African Americans shaped by racism.

Antonio Gramsci

Focused on hegemony, explaining how the ruling class maintains control through culture and ideology.

Harriet Martineau

An early feminist and advocate for social justice, studying gender, class, and societal inequalities.

George Herbert Mead

Examined the self and socialization; introduced the concepts of 'I' (active self) and 'Me' (social self).

Charles Horton Cooley

Developed the idea of the looking-glass self, which explains how we perceive ourselves through others' views.

Sigmund Freud

Pioneered psychological development, introducing the concepts of id, ego, and superego.

Jean Piaget

Focused on cognitive development in children, identifying stages from sensorimotor to formal operations.

Lawrence Kohlberg

Identified stages of moral reasoning: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.

Émile Durkheim

Analyzed social cohesion and collective consciousness, studying social facts that maintain societal order.

Jean Baudrillard

Investigated hyperreality and how media and symbols shape our perceptions of reality.

Benedict Anderson

Explored imagined communities and the social construction of national identities.

George Ritzer

Coined McDonaldization, referring to the spread of efficiency and control in society.

Auguste Comte

Founded positivism, advocating for scientific methods in sociology and coining the term 'sociology'.

Herbert Spencer

Associated with social Darwinism, suggesting societies evolve similarly to biological organisms.

Max Weber

Examined social action, emphasizing the role of ideas and values in shaping societal behavior.

C. Wright Mills

Introduced the concept of sociological imagination, linking personal issues with larger social forces.

Fill in the Blank

Karl Marx believed that _____ would eventually lead to socialism.

Fill in the Blank

W.E.B. Du Bois developed the idea of _____ to describe the struggle for African American identity.

Fill in the Blank

George Ritzer is known for his work on _____, focusing on the spread of fast food principles.