II Lecture Chapter 16 Short Answer: Ophthalmic Procedures pp 362

chalazion

a small, red, inflamed lump that can be located on the inner or outer surface of the eyelid; caused by an inflammatory reaction to material trapped inside the meibomian gland in the eyelid

skin prep for ophthalmic procedures

prep from hairline to inferior mandibular border and from the anterior auricular border to beyond the midline. cleanse the eyelid first, the the lashes, brow, and skin. for intraocular cases, Betadine 5% ophthalmic solution may be instilled in the conjunctival sac. use sterile swabs soaked in prep solution to cleanse eyelashes. rinse with sterile water. for bilateral procedures, repeat on contralateral side

draping process for procedures of the eyelid

require the use of a head drape, which usually consists of an adhesive "U" drape (or split sheet) placed around the operative site and a smaller adhesive sheet that extends across the forehead. they are placed after the towels are placed around the operative site

what is used to evert the eyelid for a chalazion? what type of incision might be used?

the affected eyelid is everted with a chalazion clamp for exposure.

an incision is made on the inner surface with #11 or #15 blade

describe the difference between ectropion and entropion. describe the types of entropion

Entropion is a condition in which the eyelid is turned inward (inverted), causing the eyelashes to rub against the eyeball

Entropion is usually caused by the aging process but can also be caused by trauma

Involutional: most common type and occurs when canthal tendons retain their normal rigidity but atrophy of the tarsals and orbital fat, as wella s hypotonia of the subcutaneous tissues and skin, results in the inversion of the lower eyelid

Congenital: due to hypertrophy of the oculi muscle, which causes the eyelid margin to be pushed superiorly and against the globe

Ectropion is a condition in which the eyelid is turned outward (everted) so that its edge does not touch the eyeball

define ptosis and blepharoplasty

ptosis: drooping or falling of the upper eyelid

blepharoplasty: the plastic surgery operation for correcting defects, deformities, and disfigurations of the eyelids; and for aesthetically modifying the eye region of the face

what procedure is performed to open a blocked drainage system for tears

a DCR (Dacryocystorhinostomy), a hole is created between the tear sac and the inside of the nose when the nasolacrimal duct is obstructed by fibrous tissue or bone and has become impermeable, to establish a new communication pathway between the lacrimal sac and the nose

the topical anesthetic cocaine 4 percent is often used to prepare the nose, even if a general anesthetic is planned. why

to control bleeding and provide some pain relief in the immediate postoperative phase

it provides an added anesthetic effect and vasoconstriction